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, 60- , , . , 1959 23,2 , .. . 1976 . 1960 1975 , 22,3 50,9 . .; 1975 107,8 . . - , 1960 ; ( 65,2 238,4 . .), ( 0,5 12,1 . .)25. 1974 10,5 .

70- , , . 1979 , , 11,7 , 1983 15,2 ; "poverty gap", , , 33 47 . .26 : 1997 17 , , 22 . , , , . 1992 18 ( 47 [!] 18 24 ) , .

. 500 . ., 17 . 22 . . : 1995 20 0,9 , 5,2 27. , 1992 21 , 50 (!) . 16 10 . , , ? - .

, " " , . " " (underclass), 70- , .

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, , , 1963 .-, underclass " , , , , "29. " ". , , , " " , , , , , , . .

 

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90- . 20 , , -

 

3,7-3,9 . " " . 1990 1995 60 , , 47,6 , , : 1998 15 , 18 , , , 32.

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.. . ., 1998. . 421-457; .. . . ., 1999. . 453-575; .. - XXI : . ., 1999; .. " " // . 2000. 6. . 38-49; .. // . 2000. 8. . 44-53.


 

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