( ) .
, D:
d n
D = . (1.38)
d λ
, d n / d λ < 0. .
d n / d λ > 0. .
(1.39)
ε ; ω 0 ; ω ; m e .
ω λ λ
v = ω / k = -- = ν λ = - = -, (1.40)
2π n
. λ ; k = 2π /λ ( 1/, -1); - ; .
()
d ω
u = -. (1.41)
d k
dvdv
u = v + k - = v - k -. (1.42)
d k d λ
, dv/d λ , . dv/dλ =0, .
. λ1 = 486 λ2 = 509 n 1= 1,3371 n 2 = 1, 3360. .
. , , v v1 v2, v1 = / n 1 v2= / n 2, .
v1 + v2 1 1 3∙108 1 1
<v> = - = (- + -) = (- + -) = 1,24∙108 /.
2 2 n 1 n 2 2 1,3371 1, 3360
dv/dλ Δv/Δλ, Δv Δλ, .
, , .. . , .
|
|
(1.43)
I0, I d; k ( 1/, -1); , = 2,72. k = β, ; β .
. d = 1 . 4 . 3 , . . k 1 k 2 .
. , I0, r.
-
, k 2= 4 k 1,
:
k 1 k 2:
(). ,
ε = hν = ω = hc /λ, (1.44)
h= 6,63∙10-34 ∙, = h /2π = 1,02∙10-34 ∙ ; ν ω ; ; = 3∙108 / .
= mc = ε / c = hν / = ω/ =h / λ. (1.45)
, .
= (1 + ρ) = ω (1 + ρ), (1.46)
= W / St = Nhν / St , .. N , S; .