(1.21)
φ m ; m - ().
N b.
d = + b (1.22)
, .
(1.23)
(1.24)
m ´ = 1, 2,, N - 1, N + 1,; N . m ´ , 0, N, 2 N,, .. , (1.24) (1.23).
(1.24)
Δ λ = λ1- λ2 ; λ = (λ1 + λ2)/ 2 Δ λ.
c N m -
R = mN. (1.25)
(1.26)
d - ; θ m , . - .
. = 0,1 λ = 500 . , L . b 1 . L.
. (.7). φ1 , (1.21)
(1.27)
L
tg φ1 = b /2L,
tg φ1 sin φ1, :
L = b /2 sin φ1
(1.27),
L = b /2 λ.
:
0,1∙10-3∙1∙10-2
L = - = 1 ().
2∙5∙10-7
. 10 , 2 . λ1 = 486,0 λ2 = 486,1 ?
.
λ
R = - = mN,
Δ λ
Δ λ λ λ + Δ λ, ; ; N .
d ,
|
|
N = l / d,
l .
:
λ d λ
Δλ = = .
mN ml
λ1 λ2 ,
Δ λ ≤ λ2 - λ1.
, λ = (λ1 + λ2 )/2
d (λ1 + λ2 )
- ≤ λ2 - λ1,
2 ml
, λ1 λ2
d (λ1 + λ2 )
m ≥ -.
2 l (λ2 - λ1 )
,
10 ·10 -6 · (486,0· + 486,1)10 -9
m ≥ = 2,43.
2·10 -6 (486,1-486,0) 10 -9
, ≥ 3.
, ( ), . , ., . , , . .8 , .
, , .
I = I 0 cos2 α, (1.27)
I 0 I , ; α .
, α 0 90˚, ,
I = I 0 <cos2 α> = 0,5 I 0, (1.28)
<cos2 α> = 0,5 cos2 α .
(1.29)
i , ; n 1 n 2 .
, , .
φ = α d, (1.30)
φ = [α] d C, (1.31)
d ; - .
, , , . . () () . n n , .
, ( ).
|
|
n - n = k 2, (1.32)
k - .
. , - 20% . α 1 = 30˚, 90˚ (.9). , ?
. , 1 I 0, , I 1, I 2 I 3 . 1, 1, 3 , 1, 2 , 3 . 1, 2 , 3. . , , , (1.28) (1.27). 20% :
I 1 = 0,5 I 0 (1- 0,2);
I 2 = I 1 cos2 α1(1- 0,2) = 0,5 I 0 (1- 0,2)2;
I 3 = I 2 cos2 (α2 -α1) (1- 0,2) = 0,5 I 0 (1- 0,2)3.
.. 20,8 .
. , .
. n , n 1. (1.29)
(1.33)
.. n 1 = 1.
. (1.3) , β = 90˚ sin 90˚= 1
(1.34)
(1.33) :
(1.35)
, i = α,
(1.36)
sin α 1/ n , (1.34),
(1.37)
n x2 = t. (1.37)
t 2 - t - 1= 0.
:
,