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( tanker, tank - , , ), , . , , ( , , , , .), (, .), , , . .

 

2- 19 . ( ) ( ). 1873 ; . 1878 250 8 , , . 670 , , 1882, 4 3000 . 1974 , 7855 155 . . ( 100 . ). 1975 1268 2000 168 . , 82% .

 

. 812 . . 1018 . . 30- 40 . . . 1959 . 100 . , 1900 . 200 . . 1908 300 . > , 1975 . 554 . .

, VLCC ULCC ( , Very Large Crude oil Carrier Ultra Large Crude oiu Carrier, . e, )

 

 

:

1. 5 . . ( );

GP (General Purpose) (600016 499 ); , ;

GP (16 50024 999 ); ;

 

2. 30 .;

MR (Medium Range) (2500044999 ); ;

 

3. 30 . , :

- Handysize 30 70 . ;

- Panamax 70 80 .;

- Aframax 80 125 .;

- Suezmax 125 200 .;

- VLCC(Very large crude carrier) 200 310 . ;

- ULCC (Ultra large crude carrier) 310 .

1

 

Panamax, . Aframax . Suezmax .

VLCC ULCC .

( ) . , , .. . , 5-8% , , , .

(load-on-top - LOT) , IMCO d 1973 , . - 75 % . ( ) , , . , , , .

, IMCO , (with segregated tanks), , . 150 . . 45%, 500 . . 30% , , 30%.





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