Mary: , .
Mrs. Jay: Hallo, Ann.
Ann: Hallo, Mrs. Jay.
Mrs.Jay: ?
Ann: Its even better than I expected.
At a Party (informal)
Billy: Rosemary, .
Rosemary: Hallo Stephen.
Stephen: Hallo. ?
Rosemary: Yes. It s the best party I ve been to for ages ().
Exercise 4. Render into English.
I.
1. - , .
2. - , , .
3. - , , - .
4. - . . .
5. - , .
II.
1. ?
- . .
2. ?
- , .
3. , ?
- , (reports).
4. ?
- .
5. , (, , , )?
6. (, -)?
7. () , ?
8. ,
(dean), (principal), .
III.
.: , , . , .
.: . ?
.: .
.: , ?
.: , XIX .
.: , .
.: . .
.: ?
.: .
Exercise 5. Render the following dialogues into English. Dramatize them.
Dialogue I
H.: , ? , , .
M.: . ?
P.: . .
.: , ?
.: . 19 .
.: , () -?
.: . , , .
Dialogue II
.: , . , , , .
.: .
.: , ?
.: .
.: ?
.: , . . .
_____________________
Learn the words
1. introduce-,
2. in order of
3. decreasing-
4. guide -
5. guest-
6. pleasure-
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7. law-,
8. tactful-
9. research-,
10. sight-seeing tour
11. column-
12. bow-
13. item-
Topic 3: Greeting and Inquiries About Health, etc.
, ..
When you already know someone you can greet him using the following formulas:
Good morning until lunch time (12-2 p. m.)
Good afternoon until 5-6 p. m. formal
Good evening until 10-11 p. m.
Note (): Good night is not a greeting but a wish ()
Morning / Afternoon / Evening are semi- formal. These formulas are used, for example, to neighbours (neibəz) (), colleagues and other people whom you see regularly but does not know well.
Hallo semi formal, informal.
Hi - informal.
The name of a person ['pɜːs(ə)n] () you greet is often added () to the formulas.
e.g. - Good morning, Mr. Bond.
Hallo, Janet.
After greetings often comes an inquiry [ɪn'kwaɪərɪ] (, ) about a persons health. The following questions may be used here:
How are you?
How are you keeping?
How are you getting on? semi formal, informal.
Hows life? informal.
How are things (with you)? semi-formal, informal.
Possible answers are:
1. (Im) very / fairly ['fɛəlɪ]/ quite [kwaɪt] () well, thank you formal, semi -formal.
Fine, thanks.
Not (too)/so bad (thanks).
All right, thanks.
Ok, thanks informal.
A bit () tired ['taɪəd] (/) otherwise ( , ) all right formal, Informal.
2. Not very/ too, well, Im afraid.
Im afraid, Im not feeling very/ too well (today)
Im afraid, Ive got rather () a bad cold ( )
Possible reactions to such replies [ riplaiz] () are:
Oh, dear ( )
Im sorry (to hear that) (, )
e. g. Hallo, Steve. How are you getting on?
Fine, thanks. What about you?
Oh, not too bad.
P. S. When you are glad to see someone you can say: -Nice to see you. A person you address may reply: Nice to see you too.
Exercises
Exercise 1. Choose the best answer.
1. When you meet someone whom you know only slightly () (in the morning) you say:
a) How do you do? b) Good morning c) Hallo.
2. When you meet an acquaintance [ə'kweint(ə)n(t)s] (/) t about () 12. 30 p.m. you say:
a) Good morning b) Good afternoon c)Good day.
3. When you come into a room where there are your fellow - students you say:
a) Hallo b) Good morning c) Morning.
4. When a senior ['si:niə] () colleague asks How are you? you reply:
a) Thank you b) Very well, thank you c) Ok, thanks.
5. When a hostess ['həustɪs ], ( ) says: Nice to see you you reply:
a) The same to you ( ), b) Its a pleasure, c) Nice to see you too.
Exercise 2. One student reads one of the greetings given below () and another student replies (), adding a question or remark () of his own (), for example about the weather:
Nice/ Lovely/ beautiful day (isnt it)?
wful / terrible weather (today)
(Its) a very/ rather cold day today (isnt it?)
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Possible replies:
Yes, it is (isnt it?)
Yes, lovely/ beautiful/ dreadful/ awful (isnt it?)
Model ():
St. A: Good morning,
St. B: Good morning. Lovely day.
St. A: Yes, beautiful, isnt it?
1. Good afternoon.
2. Good evening, Mr Banks.
3. Hallo. How are you?
4. Hallo, Chris.
5. Morning.
6. Hallo. Hows life?
7. Good afternoon, Mrs. Reed. How are you keeping?
8. Hello, Linda. Nice to see you.
9. Good morning, Mr Webster.
10. Hallo. How are things with you?
Exercise 3. Render the following dialogues into English.
Semi-formal
A: .
: .
: ?
: , . ?
: . , .
: .
Informal
: ,
: . (I havent seen you for ages). ?
: , . (you see) . ?
: .
: , ?
: , .
Exercise 4. Greet the following people. Make up short dialogues using the greetings as the starting point.
1. a close friend ( ),
2. an elderly neighbor Mrs. Watson at 3 p. m.,
3. a colleague whom you know only slightly at 10 a. m.,
4. your parents when you come home in the evening,
5. your English teacher a) at the beginning of a class; b) in the street,
6. a group of fellow students,
7. a group of tourists (as a guide),
8. your sister Helen,
9. a shop-assistant.
Exercise 5. Render the following dialogues into English.
Dialogue 1.
: , .
: , . ? .
: . , ? ? ?
: , . . , ?
: , . ( ): , ?
: . ?
: , . .
Dialogue 2.
: .
: .
: ?
: . ?
: . .
: , , , , .
: .
Dialogue 3
: , .
: , .
: . .
: . ?
: , - , .
: . .
: .
Dialogue 4.
: , .
: , .
: ?
: . .
: .
: ?
: (, ), .
Dialogue 5.
: , .
: , . . ?
: . ? ?
: . , .
: ?
: .
_____________________
Learn the words
1. wish-
2. person-
3. add-
4. inquiry-,
5. fairly/ quite-
6. otherwise-
7. reply-
8. slightly-
9. acquaintance /
10. hostess -
11. below-
12. remark-,
13. model-
14. a close friend-
Topic 4: Asking Permission (Favour)
(Permission [pə'mɪʃ(ə)n]- ; favour['feɪvə] ).
The most common (, ) ways () of asking permission to do something are:
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May I .? - formal
e.g. May I come in?
Can I .? semi-formal, informal
e. g. Can we go now?
Could I ? more polite [pə'laɪt] ()
e. g. Could I use your telephone, please?
Could I possibly ? emphasizes () that one is asking a favour.
e. g. Could we possibly change the time of our class?
Do you think I (we) could ? tentative ()
I wonder if I (we) could ?
. g. Do you think I could take the book home?
Do you mind if I ..? (+ present Indefinite)
e.g. Do you mind if I smoke here?
Would you mind if I ? (+ 2 form of the verb)
e.g. Would you mind if I smoked here?
Would you mind ..? (+ my, our + . ing form)
e. g. Would you mind my smoking here?
Is it all right if I ? (for me) to ..?
e. g. Is it all right if I leave early today?
Is it all right for me to leave early today?
To grant () permission the following forms are used:
Yes, certainly ['sɜːt(ə)nlɪ] () formal
Yes, of course semi-formal, informal
Go ahead [ə'hed] () informal
If you like often implies [implaiz] () an element of reluctance [r'ɪlʌkt(ə)n(t)s] ().
Not at all in reply to
No, thats all right Do/ Would you mind .?
Permission may be granted on a certain condition ( / ), using: providing [prə'vaɪdɪŋ] , as long as ; but only if .(; ; )
e. g. Can I take this book? Yes, providing (as long as; but only if) you bring it back on Monday.
To refuse ( ) permission we use:
(No), Im afraid not.
(No), Im sorry. You cant.
(No), of course not.
Id rather you didnt tactful () ( ; ).
Yes, I would mind (in reply to Do/ Would you mind .?) abrupt [ə'brʌpt] (), even rude [ru:d] ().
No, it isnt all right (in reply to Is it all right if, .?)- abrupt even rude.
Exercises
Exercise 1. Read the illustrative dialogues in pairs.
1. May I come in?
- Yes, certainly.
2. Can we go now?
- Yes, of course.
3. Could I use your telephone, please?
- Certainly.
4. Could I possibly borrow your laptop? (to borrow )
- No, Im sorry. You cant. I dont allow [ə'lau] () other people to use it.
5. - Do you think you could stay for an hour? (to stay - )
- ll right.
6. I wonder if I could make a suggestion [sə'ʤesʧ(ə)n] (a suggestion - )
- Go ahead.
7. Dyou mind if I smoke?
- Id rather you didnt.
8. Would you mind if I came earlier?
- Not at all.
9. Is it all right if I bring the book back next time? (to bring back ; next time )
- Yes, thats all right.
10. Is it all right if I leave early today?
- No, it isnt all right.
Exercise 2. Either grant or refuse permission (A plus sign (+) indicates that permission should be granted; a minus sign (-) that it should be refused).
1. May I have another cup of tea? (+)
2. Could I borrow this book for a few days? (-)
3. Would you mind if I came a bit earlier? (+)
4. Can I go now? (+)
5. Is it all right for me to have a shower? (+)
6. May I take the day off () tomorrow? (-)
7. I wonder If I could come to one of your classes? (+)
8. D'you mind if I smoke? (-)
9. May I come in? (+)
10. Is it all right if I switch on () the television? (+)
11. Would you mind if I used your car? (-)
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Exercise 3. Grant permission conditionally, using the words in brackets.
Model: - Dad, can I take the car tonight? (not cram it with too many of your friends) (to cram - )
- All right, as long as you don't cram it with too many of your friends.
1. Do you think I could take the book home? (bring it back by Friday)
2. Could you mind my using your telephone? (not talk for too long)
3. Could I possibly make a long-distance telephone call? ( ) (pay for it)
4. May I take the day off on Friday? (finish the work you are doing now)
5. Can I ask some friends round () tomorrow? (clear up () afterwards ()
6. Is it all right if I bring the children to the concert?
(not to make much noise ())
7. Can I use your smartphone? (be very careful ( )
8. Would you mind if I came a bit later then we arranged (- , ) (be here by seven)
9. Could we possibly change the time of our class? (be a free room)
10. Is it all right if I smoke? (go onto the balcony)
Exercise 4. Ask permission rendering the Russian parts of them.
1. ( ) if I ask a few friends round on Saturday?
2. ( ) if I brought your typewriter back in a couple of days?
3. () if I take a day off on Friday?
4. 
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5. ( ) take a test next week?
6. ( ) if I come later?
7. ( )change the time of our lectures?
8. ( )another cup of tea?
9. ( )possibly ask you afew questions?
Exercise 5. Translate and reproduce the dialogues.
1. Model: - , ?
2. -.
3. - ?
-, .
4. - ?
-.
5. - , ?
| 6. |
- , .
7. -, ?
- , .
8. - , , ?
- , .
9. - , , ?
- , .
10. : - ()
: - ( ).
11. - ?
-, .
12. : ?
: , 11 .
Exercise 5. Ask permissions rendering the Russian parts of them.
1. Would you mind if ( )?
2. Would you mind if ( )?
3. Do you mind if I ( )?
4. Is it all right if I ( )?
5. Would you mind ( )?
6. Do you mind ( )?
7. Is it all right for me ( )?
8. May I ( )?
9. Could I possibly ( )?
10. Do you mind if I ( )?
11. Could we ( )?
___________________
Learn the words
1. permission
2. favour
3. common ,
4. polite
5. emphasize
6. tentative
7. imply
8. reluctance
9. refuse -
10. tactful
11. abrupt
12. rude
13. borrow -
14. allow
15. stay
16. suggestion
17. bring back
18. next time
19. day off -
20. switch on -
21. clear up -
22. make noise -
23. be careful -
24. arrange -
Topic 5: Requests
A. Positive Requests
When we want to ask someone to do something we may use the imperative ( )with "please"
Eg Sit down, please
Please sit down.
In many situations, however, the imperative with "please" is not considered polite enough.
Then we use one of thefollowingphrases (said with the rising tone) which are given below in orderof increasing politeness (formality).
Will you... (please)?
eg Will you help me, (please)?
Would/Could you (please)?
eg Would/Could you tell me the time? (please)?
Do you think you could...?
eg Do you think you could 'come later?
Would you mind +ing...?
eg Would you mind waiting a moment?
Will/ Would you be so kind as to + inf.?
eg Will/Would you be so kind as to show me the way?
The choice between the phrases depends on:
1. How large the request is (and therefore how much trouble () or inconvenience () it will cause().
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eg Will you pass () the salt, please?
Would ou mind posting the letter for me?
2. How well we know the person we ask. Thus the same request may be formulated with different degrees of politeness.
eg a. Open the window, please.
b. Will you open the window?
c. Would you open the window?
d. Would you mind opening the window?
e. Would you be so kind as to open the window?
The usual positive replies are:
(Yes),certainly - formal
eg - Will you help me, please.
- Yes, certainly.
(Yes), of course - semi-formal, informal
eg - Will you come tomorrow?
- Yes, of course.
All right - expressing a lesser degree of willingness ()
eg - D'you think you could come earlier?
-All right.
OK - informal
eg - Call me tonight, please.
- OK
(Yes), here you are - when handing (passing) someone something he has asked for
eg - Will you pass the salt, please?
-Here you are.
Not at all
Not in the least in reply to "Would you mind...?"
A bit
eg - Would you mind waiting a moment?
-Not at all
The usual negative replies are:
I'm afraid I can't - formal, semi-formal
eg - Could you tell me the time, please?
- Im afraid I cant. I have no watch.
(Im) sorry. I cant - semi-formal, informal.
eg - Will you call me tonight?
-(Im) sorry, I can't. Ill be busy.
No. I can't/won't - a point-blank (, ) refusal.
eg -Will you help me?
-No, I wont. You have to do it yourself.
B. Negative Request
If we want someone not to do something, we can say:
Please dont
eg a. Please don't tell her.
b. Please don't talk.
Would you mind not...ing? - more polite.
eg Would you mind not talking so loudly?
Try not to...
eg Try not to be late
The reply depends on the circumstances [sə:kəmstənsiz] ().
eg a. - Please don't tell her.
-All right. or - Don't worry, I won't.
or - Of course I won't.
b. - Would you mind not talking so loudly?
- I'm sorry.
c. - Try not to be late.
-I won't. or - I'll do my best. (; )
Exercises
Exercise 1. Turn the following commands into polite requests.
1. Close the door (to a fellow-student; a teacher to a student)
2. Tell me the time (to a stranger ( ) in the street; to your friend).
3. Switch the light on (a teacher to a student; to your sister).
4. Pass the sugar (to an acquaintance at a party; to your mother).
5. Lend ( , ) me your pen (to a teacher; to astranger at the post-office)
6. Drive () me to the airport (to a taxi-driver, to your brother).
7. Give me your telephone number (to a teacher, to a friend)
8. Show me those blue jeans (to a shop-assistant).
9. Sign([ sain ] - ) these papers (a secretary to her boss).
Exercise 2. Reply to the following requests. Work in pairs.
A.
1. Will you help me translate the text?
2. Would you mind changing places with me?
3. Could you bring some chalk?
4. Do you think you could stay a little after classes?
5. Will you lend me this book?
6. Would you be so kind as to give this note () to Lena?
7. Would you please pass me the note-book?
8. Could you find out (,y) when the dean will come?
B.
1.Would you mind not smoking indoors ( , )?
2. Please don't take my things.
3. Try not to be late.
4. Would you mind not asking so many questions?
5. Dont call me.
6. Try not to keep books long.
7. Would you mind not coming too early?
8. Dont tell mother I failed.
Exercise 3. Ask your fellow-student to do or not to do something.Let him answer.
Exercise 4.
I.) Turn the following positive indirect requests into direct ones. Give replies.
1. A teacher asks a student to bring some chalk.
2. A student asks a teacher to speak slower.
3. A person asks his friend to lend him 5,000 roubles.
4. Andrew asks his father to let him take the car for some time.
5. A mother asks a daughter to help her about the house ( ).
6. Students ask a dean to give them their teachers telephone number.
7. A secretary asks her boss to give her a day-off.
8. Max asks his fellow-student to bring him his lecture notes.
9. A customer () asks a shop-assistant () to show her the perfume ['pɜːfjum]).
10. A guest asks his neighbour to pass him the salt.
11. A solicitor asks his client to come to his office at 5.
12. A reader asks a librarian to give him a book on the criminal law.
13.A passenger asks a taxi-driver to drive () him to the air-port.
II) Turn the following negative indirect requests into direct ones. Give replies.
1. A teacher asks students not to make much noise.
2. An elder sister asks her younger sister not to touch her things.
3. A wife asks her husband not to smoke indoors.
4. A director asks his secretary not to be late.
5. A son asks his mother not to see him off.
6. Helen asks Ann not to tell Jenny the news.
7. A librarian asks a reader not to keep books long.
8. Jim asks Liza not to leave.
9. A father asks his son not to be a distress () to the mother.
Exercise 5. Read the following requests and choose for each an appropriate ( ) answer from below translating it into English. The work may be done in pairs.
1. Would you mind passing me that form? (a form - ).
2. Will you give me your lecture notes ( ) for a week?
3. Can you tell me the time, please?
4. Could you possibly lend me 5,000 roubles?
5. Please don't be late.
6. Would you mind not talking so loudly? My baby is sleeping.
7. Try not to miss () the train.
8. Will you give me a lift? (to give sb. a lift -)
9. Would you be so kind as to give me your telephone number? --------------------
1. , . .
2. .
3. , . .
4. . , .
5. . ?
6. , , .
7. .
8. .
9. ; (Get in).
Exercise 6. Translate the following requests into English. Choose for each an appropriate answer from below. The work may be done in pairs.
1. e ? .
2. . .
3. . (Mine wont write)
4. , , , .
5. ?
6. , , (to fill in a form - ).
7. .
8. .
9. , , .
10. ?
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1. All right, I wont.
2. Im sorry. Ive got only one.
3. Yes, here you are.
4. Of course. Get in.
5. All right, but Ive nothing to write with ( ).
6. OK, when?
7. Not in the least.
8. Yes, certainly, but he doesnt speak Russian.
9. Im afraid I cant. It seems my watch is slow ().
10. Yes, sure. Could I come in half an hour?
Exercise 7. Render into English.
1. - , , , .
- , .
2. - ?
-, , .
-.
3. -, .
- . ?
4. - ?
-O, . .
5. A. - .
B. -. . ?
A. -. (look), . ?
B. -. ... , .
A. -. ?
B. -. , .
A. - 29-?
B.-, .
A. - . .
B. -, . .
A.-.
Exercise 8. I. Read and understand model dialogues. The following words and expressions could be of help to you.
cross (v) - ;
over there - ;
go/keep strait on - , ;
take (v) a tram/trolley bus/bus - // ;
take a tram/trolleybus/bus up to... - // ...;
stop (n) - ;
get off (v) - ...;
traffic lights - ;
turn (n,v) (to/on the) lett/right - / /;
left/right side - / ;
opposite ['ɔpəzɪt] side - ;
across (the street) - ().
Model dialogue:
You're at the railway station. A stranger asks you the way to Kalinin Street.
1. S.: Im sorry, could you tell me the way to Kalinin Street?
Y.: Certainly. Cross Marx Street over there and keep strait on.
2. S.: Im sorry, could you tell me the way to the Medical Institute?
Y.: Sure. Take a tram N 3 or N 6 up to the "Textile Institute" stop, get off, cross the street at the traffic lights and go strait on along the street.
II. Make up your own dialogues similar to those given
above.
You are in Lenin Square. A stranger asks you the way to the
a) Power University; b) Scientific Library in Sheremetyev Avenue; d) Central Post Office.
________________
Learn the words
1. trouble
2. inconvenience
3. cause -
4. pass
5. willingness
6. point-blank - ,
7. circumstances
8. I'll do my best - ;
9. stranger -
10. lend - ,
11. sign
12. note -
13. find out - ,y
14. indoors - ,
15. help about the house -
16. customer
17. shop-assistant -
18. perfume -
19. appropriate ,
20. lecture notes -
21. to fill in a form
22. give sb. a lift
23. get in ( )
24. Ive nothing to write with -
25. is slow - ; is fast ( )
26. look
27. cross - ;
28. over there - ;
29. go/keep strait on - , ;
30. take a tram/trolley bus/bus - // ;
31. take a tram/trolleybus/bus up to... - // ...;
32. stop - ;
33. get off - ...;
34. traffic lights - ;
35. turn (to/on the) lett/right - / /;
36. left/right side - / ;
37. opposite side - ;
38. across (the street) - ().
Topic 6: Leavetaking
(to take ones leave of smb. - c -)
When you take your leave of somebody it is often necessary ['nesəs(ə)ri] () to use introductory sentence such as:
( Well,) I must be going (now).
( Well,) I must go (now)
