3.1 .
䳺 Present Indefinite Tense , , ( 䳺) to. s es.
| +S V (Vs) | I study at the University. |
| He studies at the University. |
䳺 -s. es :
) 䳺 s, ss, sh, ch, -tch, x:
e.g. to dress - dress es; to wash - wash es; to teach - teach es
) 䳺 y , es y :
e.g. to stud y stud ies;
! : y , 䳺 s:
e.g. to play play s; to stay stay s
) 䳺 :
e.g. to go go es; to do do es
Present Indefinite 䳺 to do Present Indefinite 䳺 to. 䳺 . , , . 䳺 .
| ? DoS V? | Do you study at the University? |
| DoesS(3) V ? | Does your brother study at school? |
| ?/W do(does)S V? | Where do you study? |
| Where does your brother study? | |
| Who Vs? | Who studies at the University? |
Present Indefinite 䳺 to do Present Indefinite, not 䳺 to.
| - S do not/dont V | I dont understand you. |
| S(3) does not/doesnt V | He doesnt work at the plant. |
3.2 .
The Present Indefinite Tense
) 䳿 :
| e.g. He comeshere at six oclock. | ³ . |
) 䳿, :
| e.g. She dances well. | . |
) 䳿 , :
| e.g. Sugar dissolves in water. | . |
) 䳿 ( 䳺, : to go , ; to come , ; to leave 䒿; to start ; to arrive .)
| e.g. I leave Sumy tomorrow. | 䒿 . |
Unit 4
4.1 ʳ / Quantitative Pronouns much, many, little, few.
much, many, little, few : much / many - ; little / few .
Much , many - .
Little , few - .
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|
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| e.g. Do you drink much tea? | ? |
| I like reading. I have many books. | . . |
| There is little food in the fridge. | . |
| She has few copy-books. | . |
a lot of, , .
| e.g. There are a lot of books in the library. | . |
| There is a lot o f snow in the street. |
A little / a few - , ( ).
| e.g. We have a little sugar. | . |
| They have a few envelopes. | . |
4.2 some, any, no
| thing | body one | where | ||
| some any | something - anything , | somebody someone , - anybody anyone , - | somewhere , - anywhere , | |
| any | anything - | anybody, anyone - | anywhere - | |
| notany no | notanything nothing | notanybody notanyone nobody, no one | notanywhere , nowhere , |
Unit 5
5.1 there is (there are)
there is (there are) , .
There is/are
| There is (s) | a (n) no not a(n) | book pen picture clock | on the shelf on the table on the wall |
| There are (re) | some no not any many a lot of few (a few) | books pens bags pictures apples pencils | on the shelf on the table on the desk on the wall |
| There is (s) | some no not any little much | chalk water milk paper tea | on the table in the glass on the board |
There is/are
| Is | there | a(n) any many(much) few(little) a lot of | English book chalk pictures windows clock students | in your bag? on the table? on the walls? in the room? |
| Are |
! there is , 䳺 to be , :
| e.g. There is a table and five chairs in the room. There are five chairs and a table in the room. | . . |
5.2 / Impersonal Sentences
, , . , , it, .
, , 䳺- to be ( - ) , , , , .
The impersonal it is used
| a) speaking about time (day, part of the day, date, month, season, year) | Its two oclock Its still early. Its Monday today. Its winter now. |
| b) weather conditions (also with the verbs: to rain, to snow, to freeze, to thunder) | Its windy (cold) today. It snows and freezes in winter. Its raining now. |
| c) temperature | Its 10 degrees above (below) zero. |
| d) distance | Its not far from here to the forest. |
! Its nice to
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|
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| Its | easy, difficult, impossible, dangerous, safe, expensive, interesting, nice, wonderful, terrible | to | |
| Its nice to see you again. | Its impossible to understand her. | ||
Unit 6
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