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Writing Abstract
CONTENT
The abstract is a brief outline of your paper. It provides the reader with the topic, subject, purpose, topicality, novelty, and practical applicability. The subject is described as the area of knowledge covered in the paper, while the topic is a category within the subject. It must also describe the significance, or topicality of you work, explaining why your thesis is important and worth considering and the questions you pose are worth answering. It must also identify the novelty, stressing the original contribution to your field of knowledge that you hope to make, and the relevance of your study, that is, its relation to the most topical issues of your subject; and also, perhaps, the practical applicability of your expected findings.
The body of the abstract includes: 1) introductory section 2) brief description of the chapters 3) degree research (the amount of pages, supplements, tables, figures, literary sources / list of references) 4) key words
LANGUAGE TIPS
General remarks
The chief / main / general goal
. central / key / ultimate objective
. main / particular purpose
. major / primary task of this paper / study is to investigate / establish
The present paper goes into / focuses on / deals with
. is devoted to the questions / problems / issues
. undertakes to survey / identify the structure
. considers what processes / factors influence
This chapter / section is aimed to determine / attempt to explain the mechanisms of
.. is intended to give / show / reveal / provide / develop / record
.. is to examine the nature / characteristics / features / functions
In our study we have adopted / applied an innovative approach to testing / modeling
.we develop / offer / provide / work out / use a method of
The analysis is based on evidence / calculations / estimates
. capitalizes on / proceeds on the idea / findings of
. focuses on / involves the observations
. offers a clear / practical way to implement
. serves for / helps in organizing the knowledge about
Samples:
This chapter overviews the opportunities of giving to process of amortization fundamental funds of stimulating orientation in conditions of essential inflation.
This chapter overviews the estimation technique of projects development.
This chapter is devoted to the analysis and the estimation of consequences from structural changes at the enterprise.
This chapter gives the detailed algorithm of the decision of similar tasks which is illustrated by a practical example.
This chapter examines actual questions of coordination in management of difficult and dynamic innovative processes at the enterprises of a building complex.
This chapter focuses its attention on the methodology of ecological management incorporated in system of standards ISO 14000; it reviews the directions of its perfection.
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This chapter deals with economic-mathematical model of enterprise interaction with suppliers of raw material and buyers of finished goods.
Third Person and Passive Voice:
You have to write the abstract in the third person. The Passive Voice is preferable.
Paragraphs
State the central idea of each paragraph explicitly in a topic sentence that expresses the main idea of a paragraph. All sentences in a single paragraph should be related to this idea (introduce, support or develop it).
Sentences
Every sentence should express a complete thought, and this is particularly true in academic writing. In other words, each of your sentences should make sense by itself.
Remember the law of the English sentence: THE SUBJECT ALWAYS COMES BEFORE THE PREDICATE.
Tenses
The abstract is generally written in the present tense; however, you may have to use the Future Tense when writing about prospects of the research. Or use constructions that refer to future action, such as
can be expected, may prove useful, is likely to, is bound to, etc.
Transitions
Academic argument must follow a clear pattern. After introducing the subject and topic, state your view on the topic straightforwardly and preferably in one sentence. To be persuasive, you must write clearly, concisely and logically.
Sample:
Abstract
The topicality of this diploma thesis deals with developing new business in catering as a perspective area of investment with potentially higher output. According to experts, the low price segment, namely, cafes and fast-food restaurants are primarily expected to develop. They do not require big start-up costs and are quickly repayable. The establishments of the middle price segment are likely to be affected since they have to maintain their repute.
The goal of this paper is to develop and present the investment project on setting up a coffee house by means of franchising technique as a way of diversification.
The subject of the research is the activity of the successful company in the market - closed JSC Zvezda.
The work contains three chapters. The first chapter is written within the general theoretical framework dealing with the notions of the investment project, business plan of investment project and methods of evaluating investment project.
The second chapter considers financial and economic analysis of the economic and economical activities of Zvezda.
The third chapter focuses on the forecast record of diversification of existing business by establishing new catering facilities as well as the efficiency of the developed investment project, its sentimental value and profitability. Business plan sums up the main financial results.
The novelty of the work is to develop and present the investment project of a new business, which will improve the efficiency of existing enterprises through the diversification of its activities.
The Diploma thesis is made up of 84 pages of text, 5 supplements, 19 tables, 1 figure, and the list of references 54.
Key words: investment projecting, investments, business planning, business plan, investment risks, catering market, fast-food restaurant, coffee house, competitors, franchising.
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