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, , , .

(V = const). () , , (. 81), 12 , 13 . , . .

 

. 81

53, (dQ = dU + dA) , , , :

(54.1)

( const). () , V , V. (. (52.2)) V1 V2

(54.2)

(. 82).

. 82

 

(42.5) ,

(54.2) (54.3)

R: (2 1 = l , 1 R=A, . . R 1 1 .

m

( (53.4))

, (54.3). * (= const). 41, :

() , V (. . 60), , , .

(52.2) (42.S) :

= const :

(dQ = dU + dA) ,

. . , , :

(54.4)

, , , .

 

.

 

, (52=0) . . , , , . ( ), . . (dQ = dU + dA) ,

(55.1)

. . .

(52.1) (53.4), (55.1)

(55.2)

,

(55.3)

(55.2) (55.3) :

 

 

, /v = g (. (53.8)),

 

 

p1 2 V1 V2, ,

1 2 ,

(55.4)

, .

, V p, (55.4)

:

(55.5) (55.6)

(55.4) (55.6) . (. (53.8) (53.2))

(55.7)

( ). (Ne, He .), , I = 3, g = 1,67. (2, N2, O2 .) I = 5, g= 1,4. , (55.7), .

() , V (. 83). , (pV7 = const) , (pV = const). , 13 , , .

. 83

 

, . (55.1)

V\ V2, T1 T2

(55.8)

, (55.5), (55.8)

 

, 12 ( , . 83), , . , , .

, , . V , (dT = 0) ¥, (dQ = 0) . , , .

( = const) :

(55.9)

n=(CCp)/(CCV) . , =0, n = 0, (55.9) ; = ¥, n = 1 ; = p, n = 0 , = V, n = ¥ . , .

 





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