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Www.sumgan.com

2006

 

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- . , , , , , . - . , .

. ., - , [1]. 1995 " " [2]. [3]. , , . .

 

 

(Prusik Knot) . . , . "", , (" Prusik safety ") , ....

, , .

" " [4], :

 

" . . . ".

 

, , . , . , . , , , ?

, - "", , .

( NSS) NSS NEWS 1976 [5]. .140 :

" , , ( chest safety Prusik ); , , . , , .

, , , - , ".

 

:

" ( ) [6].

... , 20-30 , 7. , . , , . (chest safety) .

, , 7 [ , . ]. , ... , "", , : .

, [ , . ].

, 21 1964 , [7]. 30 " " , ".

 

" Safety Rappel Cam ", , . , . , , .

 

.

, , " Safety Rappel Cam " (" SRC "). - .

" ", .

" SRC " - . , , , - , , . - .

 

.1 , , , . , , .

 

 

.1 Safety Rappel Cam by Davidson

1 - , Gary D.Storrick:

a - "Gibbs";

b - , ;

c - ;

d - , , ;

e - ;

f - .

2 - by Pandra Williams "On Rope" by Allen Padgett and Bruce Smith.

 

, .

 

1977 NSS News " " [8] , , 70- "" [9].

 

" . ( -, . , ) , , . , , 35-40 , , . , 60 , , , , , 10-12- ...

: , , , ".

 

:

 

" , " ", , [ , , . ].

, , " " ( human troglodytes )".

 

.

1977 NSS News (p 128), , (.2) .

 

" , , , . "" , , 30 ...

: , , , , 4 6 , ".

 

 

.2 "Gibbs", .

( Gary D.Storrick).

 

:

 

" .

, ( rappel safety device ), "" . " ", , , .. . , " " , ...

, , , [, . ], ".

 

! 1977 !

, " " , ...

? " "... .

 

1977 NSS News (p148) :

 

" " " ( 'negative action' ) [10], , , "". , , , (, .), , - . , , , , , ".

 

" ", , " " [11].... " " ("Tech Troglodyte"), . " ":

 

" - . [ ], . . , . ..."

 

- . ( ), , 40%, .

- , , -, . :

 

", , , . , , , ".

 

, ( ), " " [12] ( .3 ).

 

: " , ( - . ) , , , , , , . ".

: " MSR . [ . - -, - . ], [ - . ]. , () , , . , , (friction device - , .). , . , , ".

 

 

.3. 1 - " " .

"An Introduction to the French Wrap" by Gordon Birkhimer and TinY Manke.

Photo by Meredith Hall Johnson.

2 - ( " - , , ").

 

, . :

 

" : [ - . ]. , ".

 

, , , .

 

, ! : " " [13]. , .

, - , , . 100- . - . , .

, , . , . .

 

" " 30 [14] , . 30 . , " - ".

 

" ", 1977 . " " [15] ( 'Mugelnoos') , 3 , . .

 

" , , , , - . , "-" , , , , ".

 

" Single Rope Technique: a guide for vertical cavers " [16] :

 

" [ - . ] , , , ".

 

, (ascender) , , , .

" " ("Spelean Shunt"), (.4). , - . , . , , , , .

 

 

" " , , - , . "", "" . (Alex Sproul) , . , , . " SRC " , , - . ?

.4. " () " .

1 - -,

( Gary D.Storrick).

2 - by Pandra Williams "On Rope" by Allen Padgett and Bruce Smith

a - Gibbs, b - c

- , d - .

3 - "" -

, ( Gary D.Storrick).

 

"Caving Practice and Equipment " [17] , , (autolock descenders, "Petzl Stop", "Diablo", "Dressler", "SRT", "Gemlok", "Tracson", "Lewis" ..) . , ( .5 ).

.5. Autolock Descenders, .

1 - "Petzl Stop", .

2 - "Diablo", .

3 - "Dressler", .

4 - "SRT", .

5 - "Gemlok", "Gemini Rescue Equipment", .

6 - "Lewis" , .

7 - "Voynett S.A.R.L. Tracson", .

 

 

(.57) [18]:

" , , , ".

 

"SRT" [19], . , .

 

" " (Petzl Shunt) "Vertical Caving" (ca. 1979) 23. ( ) (1986) .

 

.

 

" " , , " " (.6).

 

.6. Shunt ,

( )

 

"On Rope" [20] :

 

" , , , , - . , . , , , ... . , ".

 

" Spelean Shunt ", " Safety Rappel Cam " and " Petzl Shunt " , , :

 

" , . , , , ".

 

, , , . 155 "How To Rock Climb" [21]:

" (sliding knot backup - ) , - ".

 

, , .

, , .

, , ...

, . , , .

 

.

- . .

Dr. Gary D. Storrick

 

. ! , -, , - .

, , . . , , . - , . .

? - . , , , , . :





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