250-2007
1, 2 210201
2007
: . .-. .. ,
. . ..
621. 396 002 (031)
: pao 1, 2 210201 / " "; . .. , .. . , 2007. 35 .
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1
1.
1.1.
, - . .
1.2.
, - . . , , , . . : . 1000 .
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2.
1. , , .
/1 . 25 - 28: 2, 159 - 160/. , . . ψ q : ψ = F(q). - , . ψ t:
y t = yq × qt , (1)
y t = yq×× (qt )2 + yq × qt . (2)
ψ'q ψ''q . m- , ( ) . k m - ω n
I km = w k / w m = = w k / w m= (Yq)-1, (3)
q = j k w m = dj m / d t, w k = dj k / d t.
, , (. 1 a) i12 < 0, (. 1 ) il2 > 0, 1 2 -
. 1. () ()
: ,
y = + bq, (a, b - ) , ψ - . , , - . . , ( ) (): .1. ω1 ω2 . I12 , ,
I 12 = w 1 / w 2 = Z 2 / Z 1, (4)
Z1, Z2 - , (-) , (+) - .
, . 2, 1 2, O1 2 , . , . - . . I12 (4), Z1 - , Z2 - . , . 3,
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1,2 1, 2
I 12 = w 1 / w 2 = Z 2 / Z 1 (5)
. 2 . 3.
.
, . 4 , I 2, 2 2 2', 3, 3 3 3', 4. I 14
I 14 =w 1 / w 4 =(w 1× w 2×w 3) / (w 2 × w 3 ×w 4) = I 12× I 23×I 34
I 1n = I 12× I 23× I 34 ×××× I n -1, n, (6)
I n -1, n - n .
. 4.
I 14 = w 1 / w 4 = I 12× I 23× I 34 =
= (-1)k(Z 2 ×Z3 ×Z 4) / (Z 1 × Z 2 ×Z 3) (7)
k- , = 3. , (. 4), :
I 14 = w 1 / w 4 = (-1)k × (Z 2 × Z3 ×Z 4) /(Z 1 × Z 2 ×Z 3)
I 14 = (-1)k × Z 4 / Z 1 (8)
, 2 3. (6) , , .
2. () , .
/1, . 72; 4, 54 - 57/. .
1, 2,.., m (. 5 ), η1, η2,.,ηm. P1 = Pg η1; 2 = P1η2 = Pg η1η2 .. m- ( )
Pm = Pg 1 h1× h2× × ×hm (9)
. 5. () ()
ho = Pm / Pg = h1 h2× ×× ××hm. (10)
5 .
ho = Ppå / Pg (11)
Ppå = P P1+ P P2+ P P3 +.+ Ppm,
Ppå - ;
Pg .
,
|
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b1 = Pg1 / Pg; b2 = Pg2 / Pg; bm = Pgm / Pg
b1 + b2 + .+ bm = 1
Pp1 = Pg1 × h1 = Pg × h1× b1; Pp2 = Pg2 × h2 = Pg × h2× b2 ;
Ppm= Pgm × hm = Pg × hm× bm
Ppj (11),
ho = Ppå / Pg = h1× b1 + h2× b2 + .+ hm× bm (12)
3. , . .
/1, . 377 - 378; 2, . 87 - 88,232 - 236/. , ( ).
s =((s +s )2 +3 ×t2 k) 1/2 £ [s], (13)
σ - , ; σ - , ,
s = MP / W = MP / (0.1×d3), (14)
- , ,
W - , 3;
d - , ;
σ - ( ),
s = Fx / (p× d2)/ 4, (15)
Fx - , , . ,
t k = T / Wp = T / (0.2×d3), (16)
- , ;
Wp - , 3 ;
[σ] - ( [σ ] - 40 - 60 , -70-80 , - 12 - 15 ).
Mp = (M2 + M2z) 1/2, (17)
, z - Ox Oxz ; M . , M, , .
, , , , .
, (13) , , .
, .
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1. .
, : -,
2. .
, 1, (4) (5) . .
. , ω1 ω2. ω1 ω2 , , , , . , . , , . . ω1 ω2 il2 . , . (6, 8).
3. -.
, ( / )
V = Z ×P×n / (60×1000). (18)
Z, P,
n .
4, .
, - . . -, , , . β1≈ 0,5 β2≈ 0,5, , , 1 (10-12). , laba 12. .
5. , .
, /3, . 116 - 121/, , P1 ω1
T1 = 103× P1 /w1 =9550× P1 /n1
1 ·, P1 - , ω1=/, n1 - /.
T1 :
Tj = T1 ×hj Ij,
hj ;
Ij - Tj. .
5.
4 (210 297 ). . , , . 7.4-87 , . 2.
6.
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10.
1. .. / .. , .. , .. .- .: . .. 1991. -480 .
2. .. ./ .. , .. , .. .- .: . ., 1989. -381 .
3. : r, , / .. , .. , .. .; . .. .- .: , 1985. -384 .
4. . . / . .- .: , 1981.-375 .
5. / .
.. .- .: . ., 1991.- 246 .
2
1.
1.1.
. ,
. , , .
1.2.
, . , 1. , . , , . . . : , , . 1000 .
2.
1.
, .
/1, . 319 - 332; 2, . 225 -227; 3, . 88 - 90/. , , . : (). ( ), , . (. 1 , 1 ), (. 1 , 1 ). . . - . (. 1 , 1 ) - (. 1 ) 1 - (. 1 , 1 ) - (. 1 ) 2 . (. 1). (. 1 , 1 ). 1 φ 2 (. 1 ) S. S ψ,
S = S(φ). 1 φ ψ, .. ψ=ψ(φ). . 2 .
|
. 1. : - - ; - - ; - ;
. 2 . 3
φ ( ). φ - . - , ( φ) ( φ) , , - . , - ( φ, φ φ, φr), Sax . S = f (φ)
= ω2·d2S/dφ2.
; V = const, = const = Sinφ ( V - , - ).
. 3 , () ( 1), (2) (3) . 0 , . - 0 , 4 - 5 .
. ,
. ( 2) , - . . - ; 2 - 3 . , . . , . :
a = C1× sin wt = C1× sin 2×p× t / T1, (1)
1 - ;
ω - , φ1(), .. ω = 2π / T1. V S
v = C1×ò (sin 2×p× t / T1)dt + C2= - C1×(cos 2×p× t /T1)×T1/2×p + C2 (2)
S = ò v dt = - C1×(sin 2×p× t /T1) × (T1/2×p)2 + C2 × t + C3 (3)
, t = 0;
V = 0; S = 0, = 0.
v = C1× T1/2×p× [ 1 - cos (2×p× t /T1) ], (4)
S = - C1× T1/2×p × [ 1 - C1× (T1/2×p)2 sin (2×p× t /T1) ] (5)
, t = T1, S = S,
C1 = (2×p - S) / (T1)2 :
a = 2× p× Smax / (T1)2× sin 2×p× t / T1 (6)
v = Smax / T1× [ 1 - cos (2×p× t /T1) ] (7)
S = Smax × [ t / T1 - 1/2×p× sin (2×p× t /T1) ] (8)
(8) t φ (φ = ωt, φ = ω1), ( 1)
a = Smax × [ j / j y - 1/2×p× sin (2×p×j / j y) ] (9)
ψ = ψmax ×[ j / j y - 1/2×p× sin (2×p×j / j y) ] (10)
ψ - .
S = S(t) ψ = ψ(t). . . 4 , S1 = 0. rj = j(φ).
ro = r(o) = (So 2 + lo 2) 1/ 2. (11)
φ r = 0, φ = 0 r1 φ1. Si = '.
rj = (lo 2 + (So + Sj)2 )) 1/ 2 (12)
rj = (ro 2 + 2So Sj(j) + Sj2(j)) 1/ 2 (13)
, φ. (S) (φ) , . = r(t) . (. 4 ) ;
rj = (A2 + L2 2 ×A×L×cosYj(j)) 1/ 2 (14)
ro = (A2 + L2 2 ×A×L×cosYo(0)) 1/ 2 (15)
φj ψ = ψ(φ). (14) φ rj. rj φj, φj, j = (φj). . 4 , . ,
2. ,
/1, 332 - 333; 2, . 231 -232/. , , .
. 4. () ()
. , . , (). 1 2 ( 5) , .
sk =0.399 × (F / b × En / rn) 1/ 2 £ [ s ] (16)
F - (); b - ( ); n
En = 2 × E1× E2 ×/ (E1× (1 - m22) + E1× (1 - m12)) (17)
E1, μ1, E2, μ2 - ypyroc ;
ρn - (ρk) (ρ)
r = ρρ/(ρ+ρk), (18)
[σ] - , , [σ]= 400 . F ρ , , (16), . [σ] = 410 - 750 , [σ] = 600 - 1800 . , F:
F=C b / (1/ ρk). (19)
108 - 109
C = 5.73 × ([ s ]2 / En) (20)
D = 22× f2 × ([ s ]3× n1× ρk / (b × E12), (21)
f - ; n1 - .
,
, F
g = F×a2 × b2 / (3×E××J×l), (22)
, b - ; 1 - ; E - .
J = π× d4 / 64, (23)
J - ;
d - .
, F (. 6) g = 0,02 - 0,05 . 50 40 - 52 - 53 HRC, 15, 20 25 0,5 - 1,5 56 - 62 HRC, 40 15 51 - 63 HRC. 4, 382.
. 5 , . 6
. (, , ) (33 - 70 HRC).
, .
: - , - () - , - , , , .
3. , .
/1, . 32 - 36; 2, . 225 - 227/. 2, 2 - , VA2 = VA1+ VA1A2, VA1 = ωi× OA - 1 1 - , - OA, VA1A2 - , , ; ω1 - (. 7). μ VA1. , - , . VA2. , . 1 (1) 2.
aA2 = aA1 + aA1A2k + aA1A2n + aA1A2t
, ,
aA1 = w2 × OA; aA1A2n = (VA1A2)2 / ρk; a A1A2k = 2 × VA1A2 ×w1,
ρk - A
() 12k V12 90
.
. 7. () ()
2 . ab, 12, b be, aA1A2n. b c. aA1A2t od A2 2, . od μ = A2
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, lo, So, φo = 0 A, L, φo = 0 (. 8).
.
2. . , , .
. 8 () ()
.
, 10 . . , Sj ( ) φ. S = S(φ). (11) - (13) o rj. r = r(φ) . ,
. R ρ , . R R ≤ 0,7 ρ. , ro Rp ≤ 0,4 ro. Rp .
3. .
. 2 . ψ . φ , - ψ 3. ψ(φ). rj (14), , . . , . 1,2 3 .
4. , .
.
(15) , F = 30 . , , μ1 = μ1 = 0,3; E1 = 2 = 2,1·105 . , ρn. (19) . , F = 3 , (22). , . , , , .
6.
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1. .. / .. , ... , , 2006.- 144 .
2. .. ./ .. , .. , .. .- .: . ., 1989. -381 .
3. .. / .. , .. , .. .- .: . .. 1991. -480 .
4. . . / . .- .: , 1981.-375 .
5. / .
.. .- .: . ., 1991.- 246 .
1
| z1, z2 - | ||
| 1 2 3 4 | z1=88; z2=18; z1=88; z2=57; z1=57; z2=57; z1=57; z2=27; | 
|
| 5 | z1=21; z2=21; | 
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| 6 | z1=1; z2=100; z | 
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| - 7 | z1=3 | 
|
| ηn=0.99-0.995 | ||
| η=0.9-0.95 |
. 1
| C(F)=(FN+3)/(FN+18) C1(F)=(FN+1.05)/(FN+2.4) FN , ; fTP , fTP≈0,08; ρ1- ; αc- ; β1 β2 ; ρ≈0,05-0,1; tgλ=zm/d1; z ; di ; m |
2
1 - 4
( 210201)
. .
. -053 ..
2007
1, 2
210201
:
09.07.07
60´84/16. .
. . . 2,3. .-. . 2,1. 100 . ". 230
425
" "
394026 , ., 14
