A.: It is interesting to know if the use of gas is growing fast.
B.: As is known, it certainly is.
A.: What are the reasons, I wonder?
22. :
When did Socrates live?
The teacher asked: When did Socrates live? After the silence had become painful, she ordered: Open your history book. What does it say there?
Pupil: Socrates, 469 B.C.
Teacher: Now, why didn`t you know when Socrates lived?
Pupil: Well, I thought 469 B.C. was his telephone number.
painful .
B.C. Before Christ
* * *
Teacher: John, why are you late?
John: Please, madam, I had to wash my neck and ears, but, honest, it wont happen again.
5
: 1. .
2. II.
3. .
4. to be, to have .
: The Search for Oil
1. :
evidence, method, develop, investment
fracture, balance, gravity
discovery, construct, substructure, recover, duster
world, search, earth, surface, commercial
geologist, geophysicist, geographic, knowledge
measure, explosion
composition, configuration, exploration, observation
location, accumulation, basic, space, operator, great.
2. , :
either [ ], generally [ ], knowledge [ ], observation [ ], aware [ ], sufficient [ ], beneath [ ], seismograph [ ], enough [ ], though [ ], technique [ ], magnetometer [ ], perhaps [ ], between [ ], actual [ ].
3. :
search ,
seek
evidence ,
oil seep
up-dip
seepage
fracture ,
discovery
locate
reservoir
investigation
gain
substructure
dome
seep
anticline
surface map
devise
torsion balance ,
subsurface structure
deduce -
measure
transit time -
sound wave -
gravity meter -
magnetometer
remote sensing -
to be commercially feasible
recover ,
investment ,
to make a profit
assure ,
rich strike -
duster , , , .
4. :
observation, construct, geologist, geophysicist, structure, specific, method, globe, reservoir, generate, balance, basic, form, configuration, commercially, technique, actual, composition.
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5. , to find to found.
: to find (found, found) -
to found (founded, founded) -
1. The missing expedition has not been found yet. 2. I found it difficult to understand him. 3. St. Petersburg was founded by Peter I in 1703. 4. Peter I founded this city to defend the northern borders of Russia. 5. His theory found no acceptance among scientists. 6. His theory is founded on very superficial (, ) knowledge. 7. Petroleum is generally found in porous sedimentary rocks. 8. The geological party found vast resources of natural gas here last year.
9. Do you know who founded the Moscow University? 10. Before a mineral deposit can be worked, it must first be found.
6. :
1) to look for evidence 1)
2) present configuration 2)
3) are likely to contain 3)
4) earths substructure 4)
5) remote sensing 5)
6) oil accumulation 6)
7) lessen the risk 7) ,
8) commercially feasible 8)
9) make a profit 9)
10) rich strike 10)
11) duster 11)
7. (Gerund) ing . , :
1) :
Reading such books is difficult.
2) :
) ( - to be) :
My favourite occupation is reading.
) ( to begin, to start ; to keep on, to go on ; to stop, to give up ) :
The student began translating the text.
3) ( ) , :
He likes listening to music.
He thinks of going to see his parents.
4) ( of for) ; :
The problems of getting oil out of the ground are colossal.
5) :
on (upon), after , .
After (on) returning to Moscow he resumed his work.
by - , , :
He solved the problem by inventing a new kind of plastic.
in :
You must be very careful in making such experiments.
without :
It is impossible to know English well without reading books in the original.
, ( ), , . , .
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, :
) :
1. Changing the volume of a substance changes its density. 2. Exploiting the deposit means the extraction of mineral in it. 3. Measuring resistance is necessary in many experiments. 4. Fracturing of the area can also cause secondary porosity.
5. Using automatic control made it possible to increase productivity. 6. Maintaining constant pressure during the test was absolutely necessary. 7. Prospecting is the search for mineral deposits that can be exploited.
) :
1. The work of these geologists is looking for oil and gas in new areas.
2. Their aim is finding new ways to increase oil production. 3. The search for economically useful mineral deposits is prospecting. 4. They continued testing until the sample was destroyed. 5. Oil production kept rising from the 1950s up to the 1980s.
) :
1. As a rule prospecting includes 3 stages: finding evidence of the mineral, finding the deposit and exploring the deposit. 2. For making tools man of the Stone Age used only stones. 3. Thank you for coming. 4. The drilling equipment needs repairing. 5. We suggested drilling an exploratory well to prove the existence of oil at the location. 6. The chief engineer spoke of organizing a new laboratory. 7. They succeeded in locating a rich oil accumulation. 8. Our oil engineers have made good progress in drilling wells.
) :
1. There are different ways of discovering underground oil. 2. Porous solids have a great capacity for absorbing gases. 3. The idea of using this technique was new and unexpected. 4. The American program provided for a number of alternative sources of synthetic fuels including ways of converting coal to gas as well as extracting liquid fuel from oil shale. 5. Highly effective serial methods of prospecting from aircraft have come into wide use. 6. He solved the problem of inventing a new device for measuring reservoir pressure.
) :
1. We can produce heat by burning oil, gas or any other fuels. 2. It is difficult to understand the nature of oil without studying its origin. 3. After finishing the experiment inform the laboratory assistant about its results. 4. Many different factors are taken into consideration in choosing a prospecting method. 5. Organisms, on dying, fall on the bottom of the sea and are buried there. 6. He solved the problem by inventing a new device for measuring reservoir pressure. 7. Some types of deposits were discovered by using data from air photographs. 8. You cannot increase oil production without modernizing drilling equipment.
8. , , - :
1. Reading English technical magazines is important for an engineer. 2. I remember attending his lectures on chemistry. 3. He remembers adding some water to the mixture. 4. After failing in the examination in January he had to take it again in February. 5. At the meeting they discussed different ways of improving their work.
6. The problem of obtaining power was solved. 7. As it was late she went away without waiting for us.
