ARTICLE 9.
a. A legal substitute is a replacement for a player or a player vacancy during the interval between downs.
b. A legal incoming substitute becomes a player when he enters the field of play or end zones and communicates with a teammate or an official, enters the huddle, is positioned in an offensive or a defensive formation, or participates in a play.
Replaced Player
ARTICLE 10.
A replaced player is one who participated during the previous down, has been replaced by a substitute and has left the field of play and the end zones.
Player Vacancy
ARTICLE 11.
A player vacancy occurs when a team has fewer than 11 players in the game.
Disqualified Player
ARTICLE 12.
A disqualified player is one who is declared ineligible for further participation in the game.
Squad Member
ARTICLE 13.
A squad member is part of a group of potential players, in uniform, organized for participation in the ensuing football game or football plays.
SECTION 28. Tripping
ARTICLE 1.
Tripping is intentionally using the lower leg or foot to obstruct an opponent (except the runner) below the knees.
SECTION 29. Timing Devices
Game Clock
ARTICLE 1.
The game clock is any device under the direction of the appropriate official used to time the 60 minutes of the game.
Play Clock
ARTICLE 2.
Each stadium shall have a visual play clock at each end of the playing enclosure. The play clock must be capable of counting down from both 40 seconds and 25 seconds. It should automatically default to 40 seconds and start immediately upon being re-set by the play-clock operator when any official signals that the ball is dead after a play.
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