, , , , , - (Clark & Maass, 1988, 1989). , , -, . , . , , , (Crandall, 1988).
, , , , (Berkowitz, 1954; Lott & Lott, 1961; Sakurai, 1975). . , , . (Essay Concerning Human Understanding) XVII : , , .
, (Driskell & Mullen, 1990). , 24 000 , , , 25%, 17% 44%, (Mullen & others, 1990). , (, -
:
, , .
296 ■ .
, - ). , , . , (Michael Walker, Susan Harriman & Stuart Costello, 1980) , .
(1974) , , . 450 , , 37- , : , ? (. 46). , , 150 : , , (. 48).