<165> . .: 7. . 108 .
<166> " " (armed force); . 44 . , , , .
<167> . N 2625 (XXV), 9: "... , , , ... ...". . . 76 . .
<168> .: Graf zu Dohna (Fn 154) 241ff. ( ) .
76. , <169>. , , - , . , , , . , (methods of coercion) , <170>, . <171>. , , <172>. <173>.
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<169> . . 7 . 2 .
<170> , ", , , - . , , . (domestic jurisdiction) ; . .: Paulus (Fn 60) 315ff.
<171> " ( 1974 .) ... ", ( ). .: Tomuschat. , Sp 3885.
<172> .: Talmon. Recognition in International Law, 2000, 215ff; , , .: ICJ Reports 1986, 14 254ff (Nicaragua).
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<173> , 1970 ., , . .: Graf zu Dohna (Fn 154) 134. , , , . . 7 . 2 .
77. (. 1 . 1, . 3 . 2, . 1 . 33 ). 1970 <174>. , 1957 <175>. , , . . 14 <176>.
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<174> .: Neuhold. Internationale Konflikte, 1977, 45ff. . : 7. . 53 .
<175> I 18.10.1907. .: Fontes III/1, 558. . VI - (. 2 . 2 ).
<176> .: . Friedlicher Wandel, in: Handbuch VN, 191 (194).
78. <177>. . 2 . 1 <178> , 1 1966 , , " ", () : " , ". , <179>. , , , , , : <180>. ( ). , . 2 . 1 " "; , , .
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<177> .: Neuhold/Simma (Fn 3) 16ff, 43ff . (. . 55 ) , ; . 16 , 11 , ().
<178> 1970 . - "", , . . , erga omnes. .: , Kompendium, 358, 536, insbes 600. . . 284.
<179> .: Tomuschat. , Sp 3885. : " , , , ultima ratio ". .: (Fn 177) 50.
<180> .: Neuhold/Simma (Fn 3) 46ff . , "", , .
79. (. 3 . 1, . . 11, 13, 55, 56 ) . , , , , , , , <181>. ; . , , <182>. " , [] " <183>.
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<181> . (, ) .
<182> , , , . , , , bona fides.
<183> .: Tomuschat. , Sp 3886. , " , ". .: Kreuter-Kirchhof (Fn 162) 538ff.
)
80. " " <184>, <185>, <186> , - 1989 - 1990 , "- " <187>, . , - , , . , , , (1,4 . ).
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<184> 1920- . , " "; "" . .: Korovin. Das , 1929, 12ff. , "", , " ", " " , 1968 . ( ). .: , . 1972, 487.
<185> .: Schweisfurth. Sozialistisches ?, 1979. "", "" .: Ginther, I, Rn 145ff. . : Graf Vitzthum. Die herausgeforderte Einheit der , FS , 2005, 849ff.
<186> " - " - , " ". ", " ( . IX 54- , UN Doc A/57/10, Suppl N 10), ( ; lex specialis), - . .: UN Doc A/60/10, Suppl No 10, Report of the ILC of its Fifty-seventh Session, 442; Matz. Wege zur Koordinierung , 2005; Zimmermann/Hoffmann (Hrsg). Unity and Diversity of International Law, 2006; sowie u Rn 154ff.
<187> .: Neuhold/Simma (Fn 3) 14ff.
81. XX () <188>. . <189>. , . : ( " "), ( "" ), ( "") <190>. - <191>, <192>, .
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<188> - - . .: Schweisfurth. Socialist Conceptions of International Law, EPIL IV (2000) 434ff. .
<189> , .
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<190> .: [1957 .], 1960 . ( ), 1; Uibopuu, Socialist Internationalism, EPIL IV (2000)443ff.
<191> ( ) . . . , .
<192> . . 72 . . .
82. , , " ..., ", ", - " ", <193> : "" , ; . , , " " 1980- , , ( 1989 ) , , , , - " " <194> <195>.
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<193> . . 185, 109, 539, 560ff. , , ( ). " " "" . "" 1956 . 1968 . " ".
<194> . pactum tacitum konstruiert, " " , .
<195> , . ( ) .
83. , <196>. - . , . , ? , , 1960- ? , , , , . , , , , . ( ), , , <197>. "" , 1966 , , , () . , . <198> XIX "", , bellum iustum <199>.
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<196> .: Salem. Islam und , 1984; Pohl. Islam und , 1988; Mikunda Franco, Das in den islamischen Staaten, (NF) 44 (1996) 205ff; Zemanek (Fn 1) 33f. .: Wichard. Zwischen Markt und Moschee, 1995; .: An Introduction to Islamic Law, 1964; Coulson. Conflicts and Tensions in Islamic Jurisprudence, 1969. "" . , . , , .
<197> . , - ( ) ( ), , .
<198> .: . Gottes Staat als Republik, 1999, 49ff; Noth // Rotter (Hrsg). Die Welten des Islam, 1993, 22ff; Peters. Jihad in Mediaeval and Modern Islam, 1977. Optimistisch Feldman, After Jihad, 2003, 6f, 11ff.
<199> : , , " ", "". () . , , , .
84. , , , . (umma - ) - - <200>. , , , , . , " " , , , , , , , . XVI XVII . , , XIX . , - , , - , , <201>. , - , , - <202>. , , (, ), , .
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<200> , , .: (Fn 198) 99ff, 116ff. , : " ". "" , , " " ( ).
<201> , " , . ". " " , ; . .: (Fn 198) 262. , , , "". () , .
<202> . . 199. . . , , .
85. , , . . , , <203>, . , , . , . , " " , , . .. <204>; , , , . , , <205>.