(Remote Procedure Call - RPC) , , . . RPC , . RPC-.
:
- , ;
- , .
. UNIX (Remote Procedure Call - RPC). . RPC.
Windows OLE, DCOM (Distributed Component Object Model). . Microsoft.
CORBA.
CORBA (. . Common Object Request Broker Architecture ;) , OMG.
CORBA , , , , ,
18 . VPN. .
SSL (. Secure Sockets Layer ) , .
. -( ( , . hashing) . - , , - ).
SSL . (, TCP) ( ) (SSL POP3, IMAP, SMTP HTTP). , , , .
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-, SSL, URL (schema) http, , https, , SSL-. TCP- https 443.
SSL , , ( , , ..) SSL .
SSL, , , .
SSL , SSL-.
TLS (Transport Layer Security, RFC-2246) . : TLS TLS. , (., TCP [TCP]), TLS. , .
. (., DES [DES], RC4 [RC4], ..). , (, TLS). .
. MAC. MAC - (., SHA, MD5 ..). MAC, , .
TLS . , TLS, -, . TLS , .
(, RSA [RSA], DSS [DSS] ..). , , , .
: , .
: , .
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TLS , . TLS . TLS, , , TLS; , TLS- , , TLS.
TLS :
. TLS .
. , TLS, .
. TLS , . : ( ) , .
. , . TLS , , .
=========VPN
VPN (. Virtual Private Network ) , , . , , . VPN , , .
VPN : () , , , ( ). . VPN , , () . ( ) , . , ( ) , .
. C , , . VPN : IPSec, OpenVPN PPTP.
PPTP (. Point-to-point tunneling protocol) -, , . PPTP () PPP IP- IP-, . PPTP . TCP- .
OpenVPN (VPN) - - . NAT-firewall . OpenVPN (James Yonan) GNU GPL.
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, . . VPN : Multi-protocol label switching (MPLS) L2TP (Layer 2 Tunnelling Protocol). ( , , L2TP, , IPSec).
( ).
- VPN . , , . .
1 - VPN- Windows XP
1. Start -> Settings -> Network Connections -> New Connection Wizard
2. Next
3. , "Setup an advanced connection" Next.
4. "Connect directly to another computer".
5. "Host"
6. . , COM, LPT-, .
7. , "". , "Add" ( VPN ).
8. Next, Finish.
9. :
Start -> Settings -> Network Connections -> New Incoming Connections
10. .
"Virtual private network" !
11. Users VPN .
Require all users to secure their passwords and data
12. VPN :
:
Start -> Settings -> Network Connections -> Local Area Connection
Properties
General "File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft Networks"
Incoming Connections , VPN "".
Start -> Settings -> Network Connections -> Incoming Connections->Properties, Networking, () "File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft Networks"
13. Incoming Connections TCP/IP .
IP-, , 192.168.1.1 - 192.168.1.11 ( 10 )
14. . VPN
2 - VPN-
1. Start -> Settings -> Network Connections -> New Connection Wizard
2. Next
3. , "Connect to the Network at my workplace" Next.
4. "Virtual Private Network connection"
5. Company Name , "VPN-"
6. IP- -VPN .
7. ( )
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8. Finish.
3 - VPN
, , VPN- IP, IP (.1.13), . , VPN IP-, IP-.
============ .
( , ) , , . , , , . .
:
()
()
: (PKI) ( . . ), PGP.
, , . , . , , , , () - . , , , , ( ) . , , . , , , , .
, . , , - , , . , .
, (, ), , , . . , , , .
19: .
1 - , ( ) , .
, , .. . ( - , .
, ..), . - , , .
2 , . . , . .
, , , , , . , , , . , .
3 , . ( - ), . , .
4 , (Denial of Servece (DoS) , . , . , ..
DoS - . , - , . , ( , ).
(, -), , DoS . : , DoS, , . DoS , .
, . , , , , Cisco.
5 , . . : ( Award "AWARD_SW", BIOS).
. .. . , .
6 , . , () .
, HTTP - Base64 . Perl, : use MIME::Base64; print decode_base64($ARGV**0**); . .
7 * * , , . , .
(, RPC Dcom), . :
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1. .
2. .
. , , "" .
3. FIrewall. Firewall' ( , ..), . Firewall , , , , , , Firewall .
4. . , , ICQ, .. . , .
