The law touches us daily as we conduct our personal, business, and governmental affairs. There are many definitions of the law. Sometimes it is defined as a dynamic process, a system of regularized, institutionalized procedures for the orderly resolution of social problems.
It consists of legal rules, emanating from the state, which are part of a certain legal system. The law is created by the courts (common law), the legislature, and by judicial interpretation of statutes. It can be classified by subject matter, e.g., contracts, agency, personal property, by source, as civil or criminal, and as public or private. Finding the "correct" legal answer to a problem depends upon the facts of the case, their interpretation by a judge and jury and the philosophies of those fact-finders. The law is not perfect but, if a decision is unfair, any damage caused can often be repaired by an appellate court.
UNIT 7
' CONVERSATION
How's your brother these days?
He hasn't been too well just recently.
I'm sorry to hear that. What's the matter?
I think he's been overworking.
I hope he soon gets over it.
Thank you. He'll be pleased to hear you asked about him.
I haven't seen Bob lately. How is he?
As a matter of fact, he's ill.
Oh dear! What's up with him?
We don't know, but we're having the doctor in tomorrow.
Let me know if there's anything I can do.
Thanks very much. I'll tell him you inquired after him.
FOCUS ON GRAMMAR AND PRACTICE
| IF AND WHEN CLAUSES |
If the weather is fine, we'll go to the country.
, .
! , , if (TheFuture Tense) (Present Tense Forms).
:
| when | |
| as soon as | |
| after | |
| before | |
| till, until | ; ; () |
We'll go to the country when the weather is fine.
, .
We'll go to the country as soon as the weather is fine.
, .
We shall not go to the country until the weather is fine.
, .
You'll like her after you see her.
, .
I shall wait here till she comes.
, .
We shall reach home before it begins raining.
, .
m 1. , , .
Example: What will you do when you have spare time? (to go to the cinema)
|
|
|
When I have spare time, Ill go to the cinema.
| 1) What will you do when the classes are over? | to go to the library |
| 2) What will you do if you have much spare time? | to work at my English |
| 3) What will you do if the weather is bad? | to stay at home |
m 2. .
Example: Ill come to see you. Ill have spare time. (if)
Ill come to see you if I have spare time.
| 1) He will visit you. He will return from England. | when |
| 2) He will start studying Japanese. He will know Chinese well. | as soon as |
| 3) Ill tell you about it. You will come. | after |
| 4) He will do anything. You will ask him. | before |
| 5) John will never drink. He will be thirsty. | until |
| 6) He will never go to bed. He will have a high temperature. | unless |
| 7) He will wait here. She will come. | till |
| 8) I shall contact you immediately. Something will happen. | if |
& READING
TEXT A
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| statutory law | |
| to assume | |
| to mix | |
| enumeration | |
| supremacy clause | |
| county | |
| ordinance | |
| to remain | |
| to supersede | ( ) |
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1. What did American law originally consist of?
2. What law is increasingly gaining in importance?
3. Can we call the American legal system a pure case law system or does it consist exclusively of statutes and codifications?
4. Does it differ greatly from the legal system of Continental Europe?
5. What does statutory law consist of on the federal / state level?
