è1. , . .
I will have been writing the letter for an hour when he comes.
() , .
è 2. - .
Jason will be tired when he gets home because he will have been jogging for over an hour.
m ; . .
1. He has only been studying English for two years. 2. They have been publishing this law textbook for ten years. 3. They have been talking for the last 2 hours. 4. She has been working for that company for three years. 5. James has been teaching at the University since June.
m 1. . , .
Example:
You speak English well. (to study it for 10 years already)
You speak English well. Yes, I have been studying it for 10 years already.
1. John knows London perfectly well. No wonder, he (to live in it since his childhood). 2. You look tired. No wonder, I (to work all day long). 3.You want to have a hot bath. Yes, I (to look forward to it) all day. 4. You look so elegant! Thank you I (to choose a proper suit all morning). 5. Jim has soaked () to the bone. Poor kid (to wait for Jane all day in the rain). 6. Raining again? Oh, (to rain for weeks).
m 2. ; . . .
1. His English will be perfect when he returns to Russia because he will have been studying it in the United States for over two years. 2. They will have been talking for over an hour by the time Tony arrives. 3. She will have been working for that company for three years when it finally closes. 4. James will have been teaching at the University for more than a year by the time he leaves for Japan. 5. I will have been reading for an hour when my room-mate returns. 6. I will have been studying Greek for three years by the end of this term. 7. I won't tell the student the answer until he has been working on the math problem for more than an hour. 8. By the time the meeting is over, the committee will have been arguing for three hours about which candidate to interview. 9. When he returns, they will have been working here for three months.
m 3. ; . .
1. They had been digging in the garden for three days before they found the body. 2. She had been reading mystery novels for several years before she discovered the works of Agatha Christie. 3. James had been teaching at the University for more than a year before he left for Japan.
m 4. .
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1. She only (study) English for two years before she got the job. 2. The children (run) around the school yard for ten minutes before the teachers came. 3. We (talk) about working on that problem and last night we finally started. 4. They (discuss) Tonys idea for over an hour before he arrived. 5. She (work) for that company for three years when it went out of business.
| RELATIVE PRONOUNS |
who ,
whom , = that = which ()
whose
1. The man who (that) is sitting in the armchair is Mr Brown.
, , .
2. He is the man whom (that) we all like.
, .
3. There is a man whose name I always forget.
, .
4. He has bought a camera which (that) is very expensive.
, .
5. It often rains in London, which is typical of its climate.
, .
5- which .
, .
The man (whom) you are talking about is Mr. Brown.
The book (which) I bought yesterday is very interesting.
m 1. who, which, that, whom, whose. , .
1. The woman ____ is with him is his wife. 2. The book ____ is on the desk is a history book. 3. This is the man ____ I was looking for. 4. This is the hotel ____ you will stay at. 5. Where is the prescription ____ the doctor has left? 6. We shall have a tour of the country ____ will help you to know it better. 7. The chief of the police ____ work is very important takes care of the public safety ( ). 8. My wife, to ____ you were speaking just now, wants you to come to dinner.
| INDEFINITE AND NEGATIVE PRONOUNS |
| Some , -, - I want to ask some questions. | Any -, - Have you got any questions? | No , I have no questions. |
| Something -, - She told me something interesting. | Anything -, - Did he tell you anything interesting? | Nothing There is nothingin the box. |
| Somebody, someone -, - Ask somebody to help you. | Anybody, anyone - , - Is anybody at home? | Nobody, no one, none , Nobody answers the phone. |
| Somewhere -, - Her relatives are somewhere in Australia. | Anywhere -, - Did you meet her anywhereelse? | Nowhere , Where are you going? Nowhere. |
Some "", "".
There are some 1520 students in each group.
1520 .
Any, anybody, anything, anywhere , "", " ", "", " ", " ".
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Come any day. .
Anybody is able to do it. .
Where shall we go? ?
Anywhere. .
Nobody, no one, nothing, nowhere .
I do not see anybody at the exit (= I see nobody at the exit).
.
Nothing can help me. .
Nobody knows. .
| REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS | ||
| I see myself | It sees itself | |
| You see yourself | We see ourselves | |
| He sees himself | You see yourselves | |
| She sees herself | They see themselves | |
Self \ selves -.
He recognized himself in his son. .
They defended themselves bravely. .
:
| to find oneself | |
| to amuse oneself | |
| to enjoy oneself | |
| to hurt oneself | |
| to cut oneself |
to feel
to behave
Behave yourself! !
| THE IMPERATIVE MOOD |
, .
Take your luggage, please. , .
Do not smoke! !
Let's go to the bus. .
Let's not go there. .
Let him read. . ( ).
. X .
to go to the bar, to sit in that armchair, to reserve a room, to fill out the forms, to unpack your luggage, to pay the bill, to sing a song, to take in the medicine, to sit down, to call in a doctor, to take the temperature, to order dinner, to give you the menu.
. , .
. - , - .
Example: Let's go to the library. Let's not go to the party.
. , Y. ( ).
| THE PRONOUN ONE | ONE |
, ONE.
1. One .
One never knows. .
One must follow the law. .
2. One / ones .
I do not like this book. Give me another one.
. .
m 1. some any.
1. There are not (some, any) chairs in the room. 2. There are (some, any) barristers among us. 3. There are (some, any) forms for you to fill in. 4. Have you (some, any) vacant () rooms? 5. Are there (some, any) rooms with balconies? 6. I have left (some, any) pieces of luggage behind in the bus. 7. The doctor has prescribed (some, any) medicine for him. 8. I think we shall start with (some, any) appetizers.
9. Please, ask them to bring (some, any) brown bread.
m 2. .
1. Is there (anything, something) interesting to read? 2. I have (anything, something) to tell you. 3. Is (anybody, somebody) missing? 4. I have not seen him (anywhere, somewhere). 5. (anybody, somebody) is waiting for you at the door. 6. (anything, something) you want to clear up at the moment? 7. I want a room. (anything, something) special?
m 3. , nobody, nothing, nowhere.
Example: Where are you going? Nowhere.
1. Where are you going? 2. Who are you talking to? 3. What are you doing?
4. Where have you been? 5. Who did you meet? 6. What did you say? 7. What did you want? 8. Who do you want to see? 9. Where did you go yesterday? 10. What are you thinking about?
m 4. : one ones. .
1. I would like yellow curtains. I do not like red... 2. I have lost my suit-case. I must buy a new... 3. This medicine did not help. I must try another... 4. We have five rooms, but this is the best... 5. John has three daughters, and Mary is the most beautiful... 6. I like peaches, but I dont like this....
|
|
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& READING
TEXT A
.
| to establish | |
| to separate | |
| the supreme law of the land | |
| to begin to function | |
| preamble | |
| article | |
| amendment | |
| to provide adequate guarantees of individual liberties | |
| to abolish | |
| a convention for proposing amendments | () |
.
1. What kind of document is the US Constitution?
2. When did the Constitution begin to function?
3. What parts does it consist of?
4. When was The Bill of Rights adopted? What does it guarantee?
5. How can the US Constitution be amended?
