.


:




:

































 

 

 

 





 

, . .

 

( = const).

 

:

PV = const

:

P 1 V 1 = P 2 V 3 =..., = P n V n

() P V (.2.7).

(2.1) (2.23), :

. (2.38)

.2.7 1-2.

2.29 , dT = 0 0. Q = A.

.2.7

 

.. : , , , , , , . , , , , . , , .

( = const).

= const

= const

V .2.7. (.2.23)

. (2.39)

= const 1-3.

Q = ΔU + A.

( V = const).

(2.40)

dV = 0, .

Q = ΔU,

.. , , , , .

.

, (δQ = 0). , , .

, δQ = 0, :

= -ΔU. (2.41)

, ( ), >0, ΔU<0 Δ<0, .. . , <0, ΔU >0 Δ >0, .. .

(2.23) , (2.20), (2.41):

(2.42)

(2.1):

. (2.43)

(2.42) (2.43) ,

.

(2.35),

.

,

γlnV + lnP = const.

, , :

PV γ = const (2.44)

. .2.7, , . , γ >1 (. 2.35).

TV γ-1 = const,

T γ P 1-γ = const.

. (2.42),

(2.45)





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: 2015-09-20; !; : 1030 |


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