, . .
( = const).
:
PV = const
:
P 1 V 1 = P 2 V 3 =..., = P n V n
() P V (.2.7).
(2.1) (2.23), :
. (2.38)
.2.7 1-2.
2.29 , dT = 0 0. Q = A.
.2.7
.. : , , , , , , . , , , , . , , .
( = const).
= const
= const
V .2.7. (.2.23)
. (2.39)
= const 1-3.
Q = ΔU + A.
( V = const).
(2.40)
dV = 0, .
Q = ΔU,
.. , , , , .
.
, (δQ = 0). , , .
, δQ = 0, :
= -ΔU. (2.41)
, ( ), >0, ΔU<0 Δ<0, .. . , <0, ΔU >0 Δ >0, .. .
(2.23) , (2.20), (2.41):
(2.42)
(2.1):
. (2.43)
(2.42) (2.43) ,
|
|
.
(2.35),
.
,
γlnV + lnP = const.
, , :
PV γ = const (2.44)
. .2.7, , . , γ >1 (. 2.35).
TV γ-1 = const,
T γ P 1-γ = const.
. (2.42),
(2.45)