Internet - ' , ' 150 . 7-10%. Internet , , , . , , . , Internet .
Internet, , . ' , , , . ' . 㳿 Intranet, "" . ( ' ) , , 볿, , . Internet , . Internet ( !) . , Internet , '. , , . , Internet ' ' ' .
2.
2.1 Oo
o o Internet oo "볺-".
( Internet) - o' o o, 볺 ( o ) o.
볺 - o, o' o, o o o oo.
г ooo. o ' o ooo (), o o oo o. o, o o o Internet, oo o o' 볺 o, oooo . 볺 o o o O Windows 98, NT, o o o-o, , Microsoft Internet Explorer Mozilla Firefox. oo , Internet.
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2.2 INTERNET
. ( ) .
.
INTERNET :
1) e-mail ;
2) ;
3) ;
4) ;
5) , 䒺 INTERNET;
6) Internet Relay Chart;
7) World Wide Web (WWW).
:
MultiMedia;
RadioInternet;
;
;
;
璺.
2.3
(Mail list) , 볺 . , . : .
. . , .
, , .
(e-mail) , . .
Internet . , 50 . ( smtp) 3,7% .
- Internet, - Internet.
E-mail (Electronic mail - ) - . Internet, ; , , . . . - .
, , , , , ﳿ , , ( ) , , , .. Internet , , .
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e-mail, ftp . , . e-mail , , , , , e-mail . ftp. , ftp , - ftp-, e-mail.
E-mail . , , mail reflector-. (, , etc.), ﳿ , . ﳿ .
E-mail ftp, , , . , , Archie, Whois.
e-mail , . UNIX, , UUENCODE UUDECODE. MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions - Internet) - , HTML .
e-mail, , ', , - . , . , . ', e-mail , , e-mail , . : . .
, . , , , . , FTN ( ' ), - , , -, - , -, ' , -, .
Internet p p :
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) - ;
POP2 (Post Office Protocol Version 2) - ;
POP3 (Post Office Protocol Version 3) - / ;
IMAP (Interactive Mail Access Protocol) - / .
, , , -, , . , (on-line) . .
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(off-line). ϳ , , , ' , , .
, ( , , ), , , , . 㳺 , - , , . . , . , '.
, , .
, . ( ) . ³ , .
( ) .
-볺 : Eudora Mail, Evolution, KMail, Mozilla Mail, Mozilla Thunderbird, Netscape Mail, Novell GroupWise, Opera Mail (M2), Outlook, Outlook Express, TheBat!
Windows Microsoft Outlook Express. , , .
Outlook Express :
Outlook Express . Outlook Express.
³ Outlook Express . , - , .
Usenet
Usenet - () ' , . Usenet , . , . Usenet -, , , FAQ .
Usenet - , . ' 1980 - , . Duke University. Usenet- , . , , Usenet 䳺 . , Usenet, , (newsgroups) , , . , sci.math sci.physics sci ( . science - ). Usenet .
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, . news , . ϳ , Usenet , .
- , . (. news server) , . - . , alt. binaries, , , ( ) 99% Usenet - .
, , Google Groups (http://groups.google.com) . web - , Usenet-볺, . news-, .
. . - (, de, ukr, relcom). , :
comp. *: , ' ' (comp.software, comp.sys.amiga);
misc.*: (misc.education, misc.forsale, misc.kids);
news.*: Usenet- (news.groups, news.admin);
rec.*: (rec.music, rec.arts.movies);
sci.*: (sci.psychology, sci.research);
soc.*: (soc.college.org, soc.culture.african);
talk.*: , (talk.religion, talk.politics);
humanities.*: , , (humanities.classics, humanities.design.misc).
, (, news.answers news , ). . -, - . Usenet - , . . , .
alt.* , - , , , . : , , , alt- . alt.binaries.*, alt .
(japan.*), (microsoft.*).
fido7.ru.* Գ .
World Wibe Web (WWW)
World Wide Web 1989 CERN
( ) . World Wide Web , .
WWW - ( ) hypermedia.
WWW - browser , ' .
, - , ' , . 60- (docuverse = documentation + universe), , . ' , .
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WWW - "World Wide Web" (" "). World Wide Web - " -, ".
( Mosaic, , ), WWW . , - , Internet on-line, . - ', Internet, ' .
WWW Internet. - WWW , 1993 , .
CERN', WWW The World Wide Web Consortium ( W3C). WWW The W3C's Web site WEB Internet. WWW W3C Project.
ϳ . WWW ' (National Centre for Supercomputing Applications - NCSA).
WWW . , HTML (Hypertext Markup Language), , , , . .
, . WWW , Internet. Gopher , WAIS , FTP. ϳ Usenet NNTP.
WWW , - , . , . WWW - "". WWW , .
WWW , . ' ' - www, WWW. ʳ WWW , 300 . WWW , . WWW - , 㳺 - , , , , , , WWW.
WWW 볺-, , 볺-: , 볺 - , , . WWW , , , , , ( ) ' . , . WWW , WWW, . , -볺 WWW (browsers, ) , -볺 : ftp, gopher, Usenet, .. , WWW , WWW .
WWW - , , , ', , , , . WWW ', WWW- .
, , WWW, . , , - WWW, , , WWW . , , , . , , WWW. , HTML . , . , , .
WWW - o o, o o o' o o o, o Web-. O o o Web-o. o o' Web-oo o Web-o (o - Web-, o oo ). Web-o - o , o o o oo o o oo o - HTML (Hyper-Text Markup Language). , , .
o WWW oo ooo HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol - ooo ). Web-oo o o oooo o ( o "to browse" - ). o Web- Microsoft Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox i Opera.
FTP
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) () . FTP UNIX.
FTP , ARPANET (IP) . ', ' . ' , FTP Internet.
' () FTP: .
, ' (login user name) (passwd), . ϳ , , , .
FTP , 80- . ( "anonymous" ). "anonymous" ( , ). ', .
FTP Internet ( FTP ), ( ) , , , ' , . , FTP , (, RELCOM), .
FTP , , , (patches), , , . , , anonymous FTP. - , , , - , , , .
FTP , , , ftp. , UNIX (, ncftp2), MS Windows (, Norton Navigator), FTP .
, IP-' , ftp, ( ' FTP-), anonymous E-mail .
FTP , WWW (MS Internet Explorer Netscape Navigator). FTP .
FTP anonymous , . , , mirror-, .
FTP ' , UNIX .
FTP- ', - Unix. Unix MS DOS . , MS-DOS, "/", "\". "/" ( FTP ).
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) - ooo , o Internet. o o o o o - o'o . o 'o o'o, o o o oo o' o o oo o'. FTP o o o (login). "oo" ' o o oo anonymous, ftp, o oo o. o o o o ooo .