:
- -. . , .. ().
- . . . ( ) .
.
:
-
-
-
-
- .
, .
(, . ) .
, ( ) , 100 .
W(%A)= m(A) *100%
m
m(A)
m
, , 180 20 .
m=180 +20=200
W = 20 *100% =10%
, , .
= ().
() 1
C(A) = n(A) n(A) , n(A)= m(A)
V M(A)
:
C(A) = m(A)
M(A)*V m(A)
() .
, , 200 0,8 .
: 23/+16/+1/ =40/ ( , .. )
, 200=0,2
(NaOH) = m (NaOH) = 0,8 = 0,1 /
M(NaOH)*V 40*0,2
500 (H2SO4)=0,1/
: V =500 = 0,5
|
|
(H2SO4) = 1*2 +32 +16*4 = 98 / ( ). , :
m (H2SO4) = C(H2SO4)*M(H2SO4)*V = 0,1*98 * 0,5 = 4,9
, . : , .
= = . 1 .
C(fA) = n (fA) n(fA) = m(A)
V M(A)*fA
C(fA) = m (A)
M(A)*fA*V fA-
f = 1 fHCl = 1 fH2S = 1 fH3PO4 = 1
H+ 1 2 3
f = 1 fNaOH = 1 fCa(OH)2 = 1 f Al(OH)3 = 1
OH- 1 2 3
f = 1 fNa2SO4 = 1 = 1 f Ca3(PO4)2 = 1 = 1
.* . 2*1 2 3*2 6
-
f= 1 f= 1
.
,
K2Cr2O7 + 6KI + 7 H2SO4 = Cr2(SO4)3 + 4K2SO4 +3 I2 + 7H2O
2Cr+6 +6e → 2Cr+3 f= 1 ( K2Cr 2 O7 , 6 )
2I- -2e → I2 f = 1 ( KI , 1 )
2KMnO4 + 5H2O2 + 3H2SO4 = 2MnSO4 + K2SO4 + 5O2 + 8 H2O
Mn+7 +5e → Mn+2 f = 1 ( KMnO4 , 5 )
O2-2 -2e → O20 f = 1 ( H2O2 , 1)
, .
C(fA)*VA = C(fB)*VB. . , , 20 10 0,2 /.
(H2SO4)*20 = 0,2*10 C(H2SO4)= 0,1 /
, 1 . = m|V (.. , Q) T=Q|V /.
-.
:
-
-
-
-
-
-
, . NaCl, Na2CO3,
H2C2O4, MgSO4, Na2B4O7, K2Cr2O7 , .
:
-
-
-
-
|
|
- T + Q|V
, , (. ) .
:
-
-
- ( )
- () T = C(fA)*M(A)*fA|1000
. .
. ,
/ 100 0,6
/ 0,1 /.
, / T = Q|V = 0,6|100= 0,006 /.
T = C(f)*M(A)*fA|1000=0,1*60*1|1000=0,006/.