1988 JTC1 ISO IEC , . ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 (11 29 ), MPEG - Moving Picture Expert Group. 1998 25 , MPEG , 200 20 . , , . MPEG-1 ( ISO/IEC 11172) - 1.5/, MPEG-2 (ISO/IEC 13818) , MPEG-4 (ISO/IEC 14496) , MPEG-7 (ISO/IEC 15938) . MPEG-7 ISO, ( MPEG-1) . MPEG - MPEG-2 10 , 1994 , - 1999 .
10 MPEG-2 3 : 13818-1 Systems, 13818-2 Video, 13818-3 Audio. 13818-2 , . 13818-2 , . , . , . 13818-3 . 13818-1 . MPEG-2 , 13818-1 - 13818-3, , , , .
, 13818-2, , . 6 :
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.
. . MPEG-2 , . . . . , , . -, -. .
, I-, . .1 ( ). , .
: Y Cb Cb. MPEG-2 . . 4:2:0 Cb Cb 2 , Y, , (.5). 4:2:2 , , (.6). 4:4:4 (.6).
, (.2). 88 (). 4 ( 1616 ) , , . : Cb Cb 4:2:0, 4:2:2, 4 4:4:4 (.3). , , , 2 (.4). Y (.4). Y (.4). 4:2:2 4:4:4. 4:2:0 (.4).
, ( ), . , . ( ) , , , , , , , , , ().
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, , (.7). MPEG-2 , ( ) . , B , , , . , , ( ) . , I-B-B-P I-P-B-B (.8).
MPEG-2 , . . , MPEG-2, , MPEG-2 , . . , , , . , - , . ( 1).
MPEG-2: Simple - ; Main - ; SNR - (SNR - Signal-to-Noise-Ratio - ); Spatial - (spatial - ); High - ; 422 - . 1. SNR . , . , . , , ( ) . , , , .
Spatial . . , .
422 , ITU-R 601, , .
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, , . , 422 608 625 /25 512 525 /30 . . (MP@ML). 422 Betacam SX, 2 (I B) 18/, , I 50/.
1. MPEG-2
Simple | Main | SNR | Spatial | High | |||
I P | I,P B | I,P B | I,P B | I,P B | I,P B | ||
4:2:0 | 4:2:0 | 4:2:0 | 4:2:0 | 4:2:0, 4:2:2 | 4:2:2 | ||
High | |||||||
. . | 80 / | 100 / | |||||
High-1440 | |||||||
. . | 60 / | 60 / | 80 / | ||||
Main | |||||||
. . | 15 / | 15 / | 15 / | 20 / | 50 / | ||
Low | |||||||
. . | 4 / | 4 / |
MPEG-2 (ISO/IEC 13818-1) , . , MPEG-2 , , , , , . MPEG-2 . - PES (Packetised Elementary Stream), PES- (.9). , , . , PES-, PES-. PES- . -. , , .
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PES- (.10) 32- , . PES-, . 32 16 . 1 2 , , . , , , , , . P D 2, PST (Presentation Time Stamps) DTS (Decoding Time Stamps). , .
, (.11). PES-. , (), PES-. , , 0,7 . , . , , , , . , , , , .
, . , . . - , , . , , . , , , . , , , .
, . (188 ). , (, ) , (184 ) (.12). :
PES- .
PES-.
PES- , 184 , PES- . (.12). , , , , , , .. PES-.
. , , . . DVB ISDB 188 16 -, 8 . ATSC 20 , 10 .
4- (.13), ( 47 ). . , 188 , .
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, . , , 13- . 213 17 , 8175 . , 8175 .
, , . , - .
. (.12). , , PCR (Program Clock Reference).
PID (.13). PSI (Program Specific Information), . MPEG-2 4 :
PAT (Program Association Table).
PMT (Program Map Table).
NIT (Network Information table).
CAT (Conditional Access Table).
. PAT PID=0. (.14) , , , PMT- , . 0 , PID NIT , , .. ( 14 PID NIT 16, PID PMT 1 21).
PMT ( .15 PMT 1 PID, 21) , . .15 , PID=50, PID=51, PID=52. PID , ( PID, ).
. .16 , .17 , 1 ( PID , .14 15).
, , .