- . - ( ), - - ( ).
X k
X, . X , - , - . , , . , ( - ).
- , . - .
, . n, ( ) , , k n, - 1 - k n. - , .
, 0 kn 1. l ,. . l . kn+l - kl, kl.
( ) - : , .
. - , - k - 1 ≤ M < 1. , , - ( ) :
, ( )
- .
, , , . , - k - 1 ≤ < 1. - - , . , - . , , , , . . - .
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, . , () -. . 3, 32 . . - . 16. , (, ) 64- . , .
: - . (. 3, ) 32 , 7 - , 24 1 .
. 3
. 64, . . - = 64 + P. , - , 64, , 64. - . , 1111111(2) 1000000(2) = 0111111(2) = 63(10), - 0000000(2) 1000000(2) = 64(10). . , , 64 . , , 56 . .
, , 5 (. 3, ). , 15 . - , - . - 1 ≤ X ≤1 2-15.
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, . , , . . X ,
= log a X = log a (kPM) = P log a k + log a M.
a = k, = P + log k M.
X = kP ant log k M.
- .
, - X
X = S (X) L (X),
S (X) ; L (X) X,
γ X.
, , - ( -).
X ', (1, 1). - | X | . , | X | . | | , .
,
f (X) g (X) :
f (X) g (X).
- () , , - .