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2 . 11. . 161 , : Robyn Le Boeuf and Eldar Shafir




11.
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12.
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13. , ,
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14. .
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. 204 : : = × , ( ) . . . : 600 . : 25:1, , , 25 , . , , , 1/600 25/600, 4 %.
, . , , 3 %, 0,03/0,97 = 0,031. 4 ( 4 , - ), 4 × 0,031 = 12,4. , . : 11 % (12,4/112,4 = 0,11).

15. :
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16.
. 220 41 %: , , , , , , , : = (0,15/0,85) × (0,80/0,20) = 0,706. , , , . , , : = 0,706/1,706 = 0,41. , , = 41 %.
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17.
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. 238 : : . , 1, ( ); , .
. 238 : , . , , ( ).
. 239 : (The Gallup-Healthways Well-Being Index).
. 239 : , , , , ( ) 9 %. (1 r2), r .
. 239 : , .
. 242 : Howard Wainer, The Most Dangerous Equation, American Scientist 95 (2007): 24956.
18.
. 251 : , . , . .
III.
19.
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. 262 , : . 7.
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. 270 : . , , . , 0,20 0,40 43 % 37 % .
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. 273 : , . , . , , ( , , ). , , , . , ( . 29 2009 .).

20.
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. 281 ⻅: 32.
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21. ?
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22. : ?
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. 309 : - , -, . , , , 2500 , . . , , : - , . , , : , , - , , . - .
. 311 -: . ; , , , , , , .
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23.
. 325 仅: . , , , .
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24.
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IV.
25.
. 352 : Clyde H. Coombs, Robyn M. Dawes, and Amos Tversky, Mathematical Psychology: An Elementary Introduction (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1970).
. 356 : . , , . .
. 356 10 100 : ; . , , . , , : , , .
. 359 - : , , , : , . 2 . , . . ? , : , 1 . , .
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