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1. , . (, .) , , ( ). , , , , : , - .

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, , . , [ J Iex] , ( , , ).

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, , . , () () . , , , () , () , .

, -(e)d ( ), , . -(e)s, , .

, , : -, - . . , ( ) , , , : . , . , , , , . . .: "One of the most difficult things that an author has to deal with when he wants to gather together a quantity of stories into a volume is to decide in what order to place them" (W. S. Maugham).

, , . be (am are is) (I we, he they).

. , . , (high higher highest).

, , , , , , . , is taken ( +), ( ), ( ), ( +), ( ) . . , , , .

 

4. , , , , .

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, () . , - XIX , , , , ( ).

( ) - ( ) , , . , -. .: take took taken, drink drank drunk, teach taught taught, etc.; man men, brother brethren, etc.

, ( ), [, 1973]. , (), , , . be go, , , , , ( . ). .: be am are is was were; go went; -can be able, must have (to), may be allowed (to); good better; bad, evil, ill. worse; much more; little less; I me, we us, she her; one some, several, a few; man people; news items of news; information pieces of information . .

, - . [, 1970]. (, ) , , . , , (, have ), . .: Our library has the original manuscript of the chronicle. The original manuscript of the chronicle belongs to our library.

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, , -, , , . , , . , , (, ), , , , . , , - . , .

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, , [, 1959, . 68 .; , 1961; , 1968, . 143 .; , 1975, . 67 .]. . . [ , 1965]. , , , . - , . , , , , , ( , . . do .).

, , . , , . , , , .

, , , , , ( do), ( to, ), ( , ), (more important most important:: less important least important), (man a man the man).

, , , , , [, 1973]. .: They talked, talked, talked, and there was no end to it. An infinite, infinite contempt was written across her face. But it will be years and years before I can see you again!

, . , , , , , - - , .

 

5. , , , , , () , , , , .

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, , , (, .) , . .: I am accepting the offer. We are accepting the offer. The protest was vain. The protests were vain.

, , , (he went, they will be happy . .) [, 1983, . 134].

, .

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, , () , . , . .: it ( ): river, village, tree, lion, fly, etc., he ( ): man, gentleman, father, boy, etc.; she ( ): woman, lady, mother, girl, etc.; he/she ( ): person, parent, friend, child, etc.

, , , (, [, 1983, . 205207]) .

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singularia tantum pluralia tantum, . .: news, information, advice; mathematics, linguistics; innings; charity, kindness, friendship, etc. people, police, gentry; vermin; scissors, bellows, spectacles; effects, proceeds; manners, morals, pains, grounds, colours, letters, etc.

- . .: actor actress, author authoress, count countess, host hostess, etc.; tiger -. tigress, lion lioness, etc. :, master mistress, duke duchess, executor executrix; hero heroine, sultan sultana, signor signora; landlord landlady, milkman milkmaid; he-goat she-goat; bull-calf cow-calf, etc.

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6. , , (. . ), , . , .

, (he) stopped , , , . ., . , , . .

, ( , ), . . . , , , ( ), . . . , , , [, 1959, . 274 .].

. . , , () , , ; , , [, 1981].

, , , , . - , , , . , ( : I should do, he would do), : -, , ( ) ( ), , -, , , , ( ) -, ( ). , ( : he has been doing), , : -, (:: ) , -, (:: ).

, , , , , , . . , ( , , .; , , . .), , , . , , . , , , , , , .

: (, , ), (, ), ( , - ), , ( , - ), ( , ), ( , ), ( , ), ( , ). , , , , , [, 1983, . 189].

 

7. - , , , . , .

, [, 1960, . 256 .; , 1964; 1969; , 1970, . 15 .]. - , , , ( ) - . , , , , [, 1973; 1977; , , 1983]. .

, . , . - , , , .

, . .: A man can die but once (.). The lion is not so fierce as he is painted (.).

, . .: It is going to be rough and I am a bad sailor. We meet at Lady Metroland's on the twelfth, if not, as I hope, before (E. Waugh).

( ) . .: Opposite him in the carriage the two detectives slept, their bowler-hats jammed forwards on their foreheads, their mouths open, their huge hands lying limply in their laps. Rain beat on the windows; the carriage was intensely cold and smelt of stale tobacco (E. Waugh).

, , , : , , . , (.: [, 1964; , 1963; Krizkova, 1966]).

, , . , , , , . .:...that skin so prized by Southern women and so carefully guarded with bonnets, veils and mittens against hot Georgia suns (M. Mitchell).

, , , , , . .: Jake had that same desperate look his father had, and he was always getting sore at himself and wanting other people to be happy. Jake was always asking him to smile (W. Saroyan).

, , . , , , , .

; , , [, 1973, . 40].

, , , - . -, .

.

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( ). , , . , . : There was a garage just round the corner behind Belgrave Square where he used to go every morning to watch them messing about with cars. Crazy about cars the Kid was. Jimmy comes in one day with his motor bike and sidecar and asks for some petrol. He comes up and looks at it in the way he had (E. Waugh).

() - , . , , . , , . , "the preterite of Modesty" [E. Kruisnga, 1931, c. 21]. .: "Basil, I wanted to ask you something are you going to the State Fair tonight?" "Why, yes, I am." (F. S. Fitzgerald). , .

, ( ), . , . : I've been daydreaming (not for the first time) about living with G.P. He deceives me, he leaves me, he is brutal and cynical with me, I am in despair... We are together, very close in spirit. All silly magazine stuff, really, in the details. (J. Fowles).

. : Harm or no harm, he leaves here in t' morning. We'll get on better without him. And I'm going to tell him so. (J. B. Priestley).

, ( ) , . : Sally (She is silent a moment, and then is heard the siren of a very-large car): It'll be Mr and Mrs Ormund. Here, I must nip upstairs and see if their rooms look all right. (J. B. Priestley). Well, at any rate you will admit that all my friends are either Englishmen or men of the big world that belongs to the big Powers. (G. B. Shaw).

, ( ), ( ), . , -, .

 

 





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