1. - , , , . , , , . , ; , . , , - , , , , .
2. , ( , ) , , . - , : ( ) .
, , . , .
, - , , , , , , . ( ) - ( ) , - , , , ( ), : , , -, ; ( ) , , , .
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, , . - , .
, , . , , [, 1967]. , , : ... [, 1965, . 4].
, , , .
, , -- - : - , -. : , , . , , - .
3. , , . .: a hearty cheer a cheerful heart to cheer heartily to hearten cheerfully; final rejection rejectionist finality to reject finally to finalize rejectingly; to err is human erroneous humanism to humanize erroneously humanely in error . .
St (n.v.a.d.), St , () . , - . . .:
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pleasure to please pleasant pleasantly
wonder to wonder wonderful wonderfully
possession to possess possessive possessively
desire to desire desirable desirably
nature to naturalize natural naturally
width to widen wide widely
peace to appease peaceful peacefully
certainty to ascertain certain certainly
thank to thank thankful thankfully
radiance to radiate radiant radiantly
fancy to fancy fanciful fancifully
laud to laud laudable laudably
father to father fatherly fatherly
endurance to endure endurable endurably
digression to digress digressive digressively . .
, , ().
, , , , . . , , , , . , , , [, 1983, . 89; 105]. , , , (N→), (V→), (→) (D→) . .:
N → nation to nationalize national nationally
man to man manful manfully
time to time timely timely
V → to defy defiance defiant defiantly
to decide decision decisive decisively
to appear appearance apparent apparently
A → simple simplicity to simplify simply
sweet sweetness to sweeten sweetly
bold boldness to embolden boldly
D → near nearness to near near
off offing to off off
down down to down down
- ( ) , . , .
, , , . - , : St1 St2 . . ; ; np, vp, , dp : , , , ; V+St . . .: an end, to end final, finally: St1 (n. v.) / St2 (a. d.); a bell to ring, ringing, ringingly: St1 (n.) / St2 (v. a. d.); good, goodness well to better: St1 (a. n.) / St2 (d.) / St3 (v.); to seem, seeming, seemingly appearance: St1 (n. a. d.) / St2 (n.); gratitude, grateful, gratefully to express gratitude: St (n. a. d.) / V+St (v. p.): a place, to place of the place to (off, etc.) the place: St (n. v.) / St (a. p.) / St (d. p.) . .
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, . , , .
, . .: talk to talk talkative talkatively; talking to talk talking talking. .
( ) , . , , , ( ) . , , , . ., : stone to stone stony stonily ( ); movement to move.movable movably ( ); warmth to warm warm warmly ( , ); haste to haste hasty hastily ( , ).
- , .
. , : , . , , .
. , . (, , , ) , ( ). , - , , - .
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4. , , - , .
, , , , , , .
, , , , -, . . .: The mission reached its destination, and all was explained in due course. The mission hadn't reached its destination, but all was explained in due course. How could all be explained in due course, if the -mission never reached its destination?...
, , , , (. ).
, , , , . : , , , - . , ; . , , , .
5. - . , , . , .
[, 1969]. , . , , .
- , , , . , , , , .
, , , , , , . , , . .: I, your commander, remain wholly ignorant about all these doings! But it's a real pleasure to see you among us, Miss Clara.
() . , , [, , 1980; , 1975]. , , , thing, way, matter, fact, . . .: But things aren't what they were when I was your age. The way you interpret the document can't be called convincing. But surely there must be someone who knows how to handle the affair. Business was running smoothly. The note doesn't seem to be making sense. . .
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. .: one/it/they... (N-pro) do/make/act... (V-pro) such/similar/same... (A-pro) thus/so/there... (D-pro).
6. , .
, , . : , , , . .
, , ( ).
, , ( ).
, , , , .