XIX . . . (A. R. Wallace, 1889, . 7, 11*) , , . , (Wallace, 1889, . 7*) , (1889, . 11*).
, , , , , , (1889, . 7*), , , ( ), ( ). , , .
(Romanes, 1890*) , . 1890 . .
1930 . (Fischer, 1930; 1958*) . (Huxley, 1942*).
(1940; 1941; 1951*). (Koopman, 1950*).
, . , . , .
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