, - , . - ; , . : , , , .. , - .
. :
- (establishment employment), (Non-farm Payrolls);
- (household employment), ( 60000 , s ) , ; , :
a) (self-employed);
b) (, , ), / , .
payrolls , household - . , .
(Unemployment Rate, UNR)
UNR=(LF-EF)/LF,
LF - (Labor Force), a EF (Employed Force).
. 12.1.
, . , , Discouraged Workers ( , ), % , - , - , , - ; Discouraged Workers ( LF).
, . -: UNR - . UNR recovery, Discouraged Workers LF, . , household employment recovery, (expansion). household employment , payrolls, , .
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Payrolls 500 () 340000 , , .
- (1992 ):
21,6%
: 0,6%
4,2%
16,8%
78,4%
: 61,3%
17,1%
2,7%
Payrolls , expansion , recovery. payrolls ( ) recovery , .
(Employment Diffusion Index, EDI):
EDI = (% , ) - (% , )/2
, EDI < 50 .
. , , ( 50-80- ..), . , , :
( ) = 3% - 2*( ),
- . , : 3% ; , , 1,5%.
FED NAIRU, . NAIRU - accelerating inflation rate of unemployment - , . ( tight labor market - ) , ( , ) ( ), ..; , , - . . , 1992 ., UNR = 7,4%, NAIRU 5,5%.
, (Average Work Week) (Average Hourly Earnings).
-, : , .
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. 12.2. ($/)
(. 12.2) 1999 FED, . , , , FED .
Labor Force Participation Rate, , 16 , Labor Force (. 12.3).
. 12.3. Labor Force Participation Rate,