.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


4




, .

, , .

, , (opinion leaders). , , , , , . , , , .

2. ,

.

. - , (personal influence) .


4.3.

1. ( ) , , . , , , : , .

2. . ( ) , .. , , .

3. , , , .

4. , (), , .

5. , : -, ( , ).

, , , . , , . , :

1. , ;

2. , , ;

3. : -


4. :

, (), .

. :

) ;

)
,
;

)
, , ,
. ,

,
.

1945 ., , ( 800 , , 60 . ), . () , ; , , , , .

- : , , 1.

1 Lazarsfeld P., Berelson ., Gaudet H. The People's Choise. How the Voter Makes Up His Mind in a Presidential Campaign. N. Y.: Duell, Sloan and Pearce, 1944; Katz E., Lazarsfeld P.F. Personal Influence: The Part Played by People in the Flow of Mass Communication. Glencoe, 111.: Free Press, 1955.


4.3.

. . , (1948 .) , . , , , , ; , . , , , , . , , , -, : , . , . , , , .

. , , .

, , , PR- (public relations ). , : , . , , .

, , . , , 10 20%,


4. :

. , , 1 : , 2, .

, -, PR, , . .

4.4

:

.

, . . , (19121961) , , - . , , 3.

(mass persuasion), , . -

1 USIA (United States Information Agency)
.

2 . : Goroett I.C., O'Donnell V. Propaganda and Persuasion. N. Y., 1992.
P. 218.

3 : Hovland C.I., Lumsdaine A.A.,
Sheffield F.D.
Experiments in Mass Communication. Princeton, N. J.: Princeton
University Press, 1949.


4.4. .

, : , .. - . , , , , : ( ). . , -, 1 , , - . -, , , .. , . -, , , -, . , 2.

, , , , , .. :

1 Hovland C.I., Janis I.L., Kelley H.H. Communication and Persuasion:
Psycological Studies of Opinion Change. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1953.

2 . : Davidson P. IV., Boy Ian G., Yu F.T.C. Mass Media: Systems and
Effects. N. Y.: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1976. P. 161.


4. :

. . , , (. . 6). , . , .

4.5

, , - , , . . , , , 1. , : , . , 1940- 1970- , :

1. , , , , ;

_ 1 KlapperJ. The Effects of Mass Communication. N. Y., 1960.


4.5.

2. : , , () , , ;

3. , , , , , , , ;

4. : , , . - . . () . -: , , ; , , ;

5. , , :

)
, ,
;

) ,
, .

, (media impotence)1. -

1 Lang G., Lang . Mass Communication and Public Opinion: Strategies for Research // M. Rosenberg, R.H.Turner (cds.) / Social Psychology: Sociological Perspectives. N. Y.: Basic Books, 1981. P. 659.


4. :

: , , . . , , .. , . -, , , ( ) 1.

, , , , , , .

, , , .

-, , , , , -

1 . : Ball-Rokeach S.J., DeFleurM. L. A Dependency Model of Mass Media effects / Communication Research, 1976, N 3. P. 321; Ball-Rokeach S.J. The Origins of Individual Media-System Dependency / Communication Research, 1985, N 12 (4). P. 485-510.


, , . - , . (entertainment).

4.5.1

, , . , - , : , , .. , , . 1948 . : , , , ... [. ..] , 1. - , , , . , 2.

1 Lazarsfeld P., Merton R. Mass Communication, Popular Taste and Organized
Social Action / L. Bryson (cd.) // The Communication of Ideas. N. Y.: Harper and
Brothers, 1948. P. 99.

2 Ibid. P. 100.


4. :

, , 1 , 60- XX . - .

, TV, . (, , .) , , , , : , , , , ( ), , , .. ( 40 , , , .) , , ( , : , ). .

, , , , . -

1 De Fleur M. Theories of Mass Communication, N. .: David McKay, 1966 (2nd ed.- 1970).


4.5.

, :

1. , , , ..,

2. ,

3. , -,

4. ,

5. .

, :

1. ,

2. ,

3. , .

, , , , . , , .

, . - , , , .. . , , . , . , .

. -, . [-


4. :

AIDA: (attention), (interest), (desire), (action)]. -, , , .

. , . .

, , 1. . . , , , 2, . - , , , 3. , , , ( ), , .

1 Postman N. Amusing Ourselves to Death. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1985.

2 Ibid. P. 27.

3 . . . ., 1999. . 61.


■■*


4.5.

3.

: De Fleur M.L. Theories of Mass Communication 2nd ed. N.Y., 1970. P. 212.


4. :

4.5.2

( )

-

, , , . , . , 1) , 2) 3) . . (1960) , , . - () , .

, () , 1.

:

; ;

, . :

, ;





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